Spring MVC(框架模型如下图所示)是基于Model2实现的技术框架,Model2是经典的MVC(Model,View、Control)模型在Web应用中的变体,这个改变主要源于HTTP的无状态性。
下面以注解的方式来具体阐述MVC框架:
创建一个web project,目录结构如下:
LoginController源码:
package com;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class LoginController {
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(HttpServletRequest request,User user){
request.setAttribute("user", user);
return "userInfo";
}
}
User源码:
package com;
public class User {
private String name;
private String password;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
spring-mvc源码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd">
<!-- 自动扫描com包下的所有类,使其成为spring mvc的控制器 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/>
<bean id="defaultViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/jsp/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
web.xml源码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
<!-- 1、向web容器注册DispatcherServlet;
2、拦截以.html为后缀的请求,并处理分发;
3、load-on-startup设置为1,实现与web容器一起启动。
-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>MVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>MVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>jsp/login.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
login源码:
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>登陆页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="login.html" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="name"><hr/>
密 码:<input type="text" name="password"><hr/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"><hr/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
userInfo.jsp源码:
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>用户信息显示</title>
</head>
<body>
登陆用户信息<hr/>
用户名:${user.name}<hr/>
密 码:${user.password }<hr/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
运行web程序,打开浏览器,输入如图:
提交,显示如图:
总结:
1、启动web容器,并加载DispatcherServlet(load-on-startup为1);
2、加载spring-mvc.xml,并初始化生成IOC容器(MVC上下文);
3、注册DispatcherServlet;
4、默认打开登陆页,输入用户名、密码并提交;
5、调用Controller处理器完成业务逻辑操作,并返回逻辑路径;
6、调用View解析类,并调用模型数据来渲染页面,响应返回给客户端。