@OneToOne 注解学习记录

首先创建2个实体类,Person , Passport; 人员和护照是一对一的关系；

首先做单向关联测试，只在Person 中 关联 Passport

此时的表单结构是：

测试一： OneToOne 采用默认选项

@Entity
public class Person {
	
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private int id;
	
	private String name;
	
	@OneToOne
	private Passport passport;
    ...
}

@Entity
public class Passport {

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private int id;
	
	private String number;

    //...
}

然后跑测试代码，添加一个人员，并设置他的护照，在没有保存Passport 的情况下是无法保存Person 的。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class DemoApplicationTests {

	@Autowired
	PersonDao personDao;
	
	@Autowired
	PassportDao passportDao;
	
	@Test
	public void addTest()
	{
		Person p = new Person();
		p.setName("张三");
		
		Passport passport = new Passport();
		passport.setNumber(UUID.randomUUID().toString());	
		
		p.setPassport(passport);
		personDao.save(p);	 // 在OneToOne 关联，没有设置cascade 的情况下；这里无法保存的，必          须先保存 passport，在来保存Person；
		
	}
}

测试二： OneToOne 采用cascade=CascadeType.All 的情况

@Entity
public class Person {
	
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private int id;
	
	private String name;
	
	@OneToOne(cascade=CascadeType.ALL)
	private Passport passport;
}

在跑上面同样的测试代码，测试通过，数据库生成两条记录，并正确关联。

 

测试三： 在测试二的结果上，删除Person 中张三的记录， 张三的Passport 也跟着删除

	@Test
	public void delTest()
	{
		Person p = personDao.findById(1);
		personDao.delete(p); // person 关联的 passport 记录也从数据库删除了
	}
	

测试四: 在测试二的结果上，删除passport，即删除张三的护照，不删除张三：结果是，护照被删除，张三信息里面的护照外键还是存在：passport_id = 3; 但 passport 的信息其实已经被删除了。

在开始下一步测试前，先来学习下CascadeType的解释：

ALL 

级联所有实体状态转换

PERSIST 
级联实体持久化操作：当父实体被持久化时，会连同持久化子实体

啥意思呢？ 在我们上面的例子中就是，如果Person 保存时，里面设置的 passport 还没保存的情况下， 会自动保存passport；

 

MERGE ：
级联实体合并操作。获取子实体时，会连同获取级联的父实体。这个级联只能合并数据库已存在的实体；这种情况一般只能用在双向关联

啥意思呢？ 就是查出passport的数据，能把passport 的拥有者一并查出，并且在修改 拥有者person的字段时，passport 也跟着变化。

 

REMOVE 
级联实体删除操作。当父实体被删除时，会连同删除子实体；

 

REFRESH 
级联实体刷新操作。

 

DETACH 
级联实体分离操作。

 

测试五：

在passport 类中也加入 OneToOne 注解

@Entity
public class Passport {

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private int id;
	
	@OneToOne(cascade={CascadeType.REMOVE,CascadeType.PERSIST})
	private Person owner;
	
	private String number;
    //...
}

@Entity
public class Person {
	
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private int id;
	
	private String name;
	
	@OneToOne(cascade= {CascadeType.REMOVE,CascadeType.PERSIST})
	private Passport passport;

}

此时生成的数据库为：

passport表多了一个owner_id 的外键字段，并且在持久化测试中(上面的addTest)，没有自动关联到person中去

在OneToOne 的注解下，我们把张三的护照，再添加到李四下面是否可以呢？ 应该是不可以的，我们测试一下

	{
		Person p = new Person();
		p.setName("张三");
		
		Passport passport = new Passport();
		passport.setNumber(UUID.randomUUID().toString());	
		
		p.setPassport(passport);
		personDao.save(p);			

		//把张三的护照给李四
		Person p2 = new Person();
		p2.setName("李四");
		p2.setPassport(passport);
		//给护照指定成李四的
		//passport.setOwner(p2);
		
		personDao.save(p2);		
		
	}

org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException: detached entity passed to persist: com.example.demo.entity.Passport; nested exception is org.hibernate.PersistentObjectException: detached entity passed to persist: com.example.demo.entity.Passport
	at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect.convertHibernateAccessException(HibernateJpaDialect.java:317)
	at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect.translateExceptionIfPossible(HibernateJpaDialect.java:253)
	at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.translateExceptionIfPossible(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:527)
	at org.springframework.dao.support.ChainedPersistenceExceptionTranslator.translateExceptionIfPossible(ChainedPersistenceExceptionTranslator.java:61)
	at org.springframework.dao.support.DataAccessUtils.translateIfNecessary(DataAccessUtils.java:242)
	at org.springframework.dao.support.PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.invoke(PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.java:153)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
	at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.CrudMethodMetadataPostProcessor$CrudMethodMetadataPopulatingMethodInterceptor.invoke(CrudMethodMetadataPostProcessor.java:135)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
	at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:93)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
	at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.SurroundingTransactionDetectorMethodInterceptor.invoke(SurroundingTransactionDetectorMethodInterceptor.java:61)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:212)
	at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy99.save(Unknown Source)
	at com.example.demo.DemoApplicationTests.测试联动保存cascade为PERSIST(DemoApplicationTests.java:49)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestExecutionCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestExecutionCallbacks.java:74)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestExecutionCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestExecutionCallbacks.java:84)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:75)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:251)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:89)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:41)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:541)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:763)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:463)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:209)
Caused by: org.hibernate.PersistentObjectException: detached entity passed to persist: com.example.demo.entity.Passport
	at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultPersistEventListener.onPersist(DefaultPersistEventListener.java:127)
	at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.firePersist(SessionImpl.java:824)
	at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.persist(SessionImpl.java:791)
	at org.hibernate.engine.spi.CascadingActions$7.cascade(CascadingActions.java:298)
	at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeToOne(Cascade.java:471)
	at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:396)
	at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:197)
	at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:130)
	at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.cascadeBeforeSave(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:455)
	at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.performSaveOrReplicate(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:269)
	at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.performSave(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:200)
	at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.saveWithGeneratedId(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:131)
	at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultPersistEventListener.entityIsTransient(DefaultPersistEventListener.java:192)
	at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultPersistEventListener.onPersist(DefaultPersistEventListener.java:135)
	at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultPersistEventListener.onPersist(DefaultPersistEventListener.java:62)
	at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.firePersist(SessionImpl.java:800)
	at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.persist(SessionImpl.java:785)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at org.springframework.orm.jpa.SharedEntityManagerCreator$SharedEntityManagerInvocationHandler.invoke(SharedEntityManagerCreator.java:308)
	at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy96.persist(Unknown Source)
	at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.SimpleJpaRepository.save(SimpleJpaRepository.java:489)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryComposition$RepositoryFragments.invoke(RepositoryComposition.java:359)
	at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryComposition.invoke(RepositoryComposition.java:200)
	at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$ImplementationMethodExecutionInterceptor.invoke(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:644)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
	at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.doInvoke(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:608)
	at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.lambda$invoke$3(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:595)
	at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.invoke(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:595)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
	at org.springframework.data.projection.DefaultMethodInvokingMethodInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMethodInvokingMethodInterceptor.java:59)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
	at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:294)
	at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:98)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
	at org.springframework.dao.support.PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.invoke(PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.java:139)
	... 41 more

 

测试六： mappedBy 

只有OneToOne,OneToMany,ManyToMany上才有mappedBy属性,ManyToOne不存在该属性;mappedBy标签一定是定义在被拥有方的,他指向拥有方即(定义在不维护关系的那一方);mappedBy的含义,应该理解为,拥有方能够自动维护跟被拥有方的关系,当然,如果从被拥有方,通过手工强行来维护拥有方的关系也是可以做到的;mappedBy跟joinColumn/JoinTable总是处于互斥的一方,

在passport上加上mappedy来测试

@Entity
public class Passport {

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private int id;
	
	@OneToOne(mappedBy="passport",cascade={CascadeType.ALL})
	private Person owner;
	
	private String number;
}

@Entity
public class Person {
	
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private int id;
	
	private String name;
	
	@OneToOne(cascade= {CascadeType.PERSIST})
	private Passport passport;
}

此时，生成的数据库表格如下,passport 表单中已经不存在person的外键了。那如果不存在person的外键，那我删除张三的passport时，person表中的张三数据会怎么样呢？

测试结果：

（casadeType.ALL 的情况下）： person 也会同时被删除，日志中可以看到两条删除语句：

Hibernate: select passport0_.id as id1_0_0_, passport0_.number as number2_0_0_, person1_.id as id1_1_1_, person1_.name as name2_1_1_, person1_.passport_id as passport3_1_1_ from passport passport0_ left outer join person person1_ on passport0_.id=person1_.passport_id where passport0_.id=?
Hibernate: select passport0_.id as id1_0_1_, passport0_.number as number2_0_1_, person1_.id as id1_1_0_, person1_.name as name2_1_0_, person1_.passport_id as passport3_1_0_ from passport passport0_ left outer join person person1_ on passport0_.id=person1_.passport_id where passport0_.id=?
Hibernate: delete from person where id=?
Hibernate: delete from passport where id=?

把Person 的OneToOne注解改成
    @OneToOne(cascade= {CascadeType.PERSIST})
    private Passport passport;

再做删除passport  表单的测试：    
    @Test 
    public void delPassportTest()
    {
        Passport p = passportDao.findById(1);
        passportDao.delete(p);        
    }    

此时，测试会异常，无法删除

org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException: The entity must not be null!; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: The entity must not be null!
	at org.springframework.orm.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryUtils.convertJpaAccessExceptionIfPossible(EntityManagerFactoryUtils.java:367)
	at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect.translateExceptionIfPossible(HibernateJpaDialect.java:255)
	at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.translateExceptionIfPossible(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:527)
	at org.springframework.dao.support.ChainedPersistenceExceptionTranslator.translateExceptionIfPossible(ChainedPersistenceExceptionTranslator.java:61)
	at org.springframework.dao.support.DataAccessUtils.translateIfNecessary(DataAccessUtils.java:242)
	at org.springframework.dao.support.PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.invoke(PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.java:153)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
	at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.CrudMethodMetadataPostProcessor$CrudMethodMetadataPopulatingMethodInterceptor.invoke(CrudMethodMetadataPostProcessor.java:135)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
	at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:93)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
	at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.SurroundingTransactionDetectorMethodInterceptor.invoke(SurroundingTransactionDetectorMethodInterceptor.java:61)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:212)
	at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy99.delete(Unknown Source)
	at com.example.demo.DemoApplicationTests.delPassportTest(DemoApplicationTests.java:57)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestExecutionCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestExecutionCallbacks.java:74)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestExecutionCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestExecutionCallbacks.java:84)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:75)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:251)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:89)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:41)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:541)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:763)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:463)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:209)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: The entity must not be null!
	at org.springframework.util.Assert.notNull(Assert.java:198)
	at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.SimpleJpaRepository.delete(SimpleJpaRepository.java:160)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryComposition$RepositoryFragments.invoke(RepositoryComposition.java:359)
	at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryComposition.invoke(RepositoryComposition.java:200)
	at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$ImplementationMethodExecutionInterceptor.invoke(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:644)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
	at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.doInvoke(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:608)
	at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.lambda$invoke$3(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:595)
	at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.invoke(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:595)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
	at org.springframework.data.projection.DefaultMethodInvokingMethodInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMethodInvokingMethodInterceptor.java:59)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
	at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:294)
	at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:98)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
	at org.springframework.dao.support.PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.invoke(PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.java:139)
	... 41 more

把Person 的OneToOne注解改成
   @OneToOne(cascade= {CascadeType.PERSIST,CascadeType.REMOVE})
    private Passport passport;

再做删除passport  表单的测试，相关联的person信息也被删除了。

那passport 的 casadeType 改成persist 呢，还能删除吗？测试结果是不能的。

@Entity
public class Passport {

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private int id;
	
	@OneToOne(mappedBy="passport",cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST})
	private Person owner;
}



@Entity
public class Person {
	
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private int id;
	
	private String name;
	
	@OneToOne (cascade= {CascadeType.PERSIST})
	private Passport passport;
}

// 此时，删除护照表的数据，是无法删除的，测试不会报错，但无法删除数据。
	@Test 
	public void delPassportTest()
	{
		
		Passport p = passportDao.findById(5);
		
		passportDao.delete(p);
		
	}	

那要单独删除张三的护照，应该怎么做呢？

首先，在Peson类里面允许护照为空值 optional=true

    @OneToOne (cascade= {CascadeType.PERSIST},optional=true)
    private Passport passport;

然后删除的方式和顺序改一下，因为关系是由person表来维护的，所以先要对person表做操作，在person表里找到张三，把张三的护照设置为空，并保存；然后去删除原来的护照。

	public void delPassportTest(int id)
	{
		
		Passport p = passportDao.findById(id);
		
		Person perosn = p.getOwner();
		perosn.setPassport(null);
		personDao.save(perosn);		

		passportDao.deleteById(p.getId());
		
	}		

总结：

1，有设置 mappedBy 标注字段的类就是被维护表，如上面的passport。

2， cascade 的值是对它设置的属性对象 进行的级联操作； 如Person 类中的passport设置为 REMOVE 的话，删除peson对象，       passport 对象也会删除；
    @OneToOne (cascade= {CascadeType.REMOVE},optional=true)
    private Passport passport;

3, optional=true 允许对象为空，默认是fasle

4,fetch = LAYZ, EGER, 懒加载和急加载， 待具体研究，默认是EGER;

大概就这么多了，研究了差不多两天。