/********* 文章系列:MFC技术内幕系列***********/
/************MFC技术内幕系列之(二)***********/
/**** 文章题目:MFC文档视图结构内幕 *****/
/* Copyright(c)2002 bigwhite */
/* All rights Reserved */
/*********关键字:MFC,文档视图结构************/
/* 时间:2002.7.23 */
/* 注释:本文所涉及的程序源代码均在Microsoft */
/ Visual Studio.Net Enterprise Architect Edition /
/* 开发工具包提供的源代码中 */
//
引言:侯捷老师的"深入浅出MFC"一书的第8章中有“"Document/View"是MFC的基石。”一说,可以看出文档视图结构在MFC Framework中的地位是多么的重要。本文将以一个标准MFC应用程序向导作成的MDI程序为例,来和大家一起详细挖掘文档视图结构的内幕。
正文:
/
/* 1.回顾"InitInstance函数" */
/
在我的《MFC应用程序“生死因果”内幕》一文中,当谈到CMyWinApp::InitInstance()时,我只是粗略的讲了介绍了一下各个函数的功能,而忽略了很多细节,这里让我们在回顾一下CMyWinApp::InitInstance()函数,并将里面与文档视图结构有关的代码深入探讨一下:
BOOL CMyApp::InitInstance()//只列出了与文档视图结构相关的源代码
{
//...
//文档模板将用作文档、框架窗口和视图之间的连接
CMultiDocTemplate* pDocTemplate;
pDocTemplate = new CMultiDocTemplate(IDR_MyTYPE,
RUNTIME_CLASS(CMyDoc),
RUNTIME_CLASS(CChildFrame), // 自定义 MDI 子框架
RUNTIME_CLASS(CMyView));
AddDocTemplate(pDocTemplate);
// 创建主 MDI 框架窗口
CMainFrame* pMainFrame = new CMainFrame;
if (!pMainFrame->LoadFrame(IDR_MAINFRAME))
return FALSE;
m_pMainWnd = pMainFrame;
// 仅当具有后缀时才调用 DragAcceptFiles
// 在 MDI 应用程序中,这应在设置 m_pMainWnd 之后立即发生
// 分析标准外壳命令、DDE、打开文件操作的命令行
CCommandLineInfo cmdInfo;
ParseCommandLine(cmdInfo);
// 调度在命令行中指定的命令。如果
// 用 /RegServer、/Register、/Unregserver 或 /Unregister 启动应用程序,则返回 FALSE。
if (!ProcessShellCommand(cmdInfo))
return FALSE;
// 主窗口已初始化,因此显示它并对其进行更新
pMainFrame->ShowWindow(m_nCmdShow);
pMainFrame->UpdateWindow();
return TRUE;
}
/* 2.初始化文档模板 */
分析以下代码:
CMultiDocTemplate* pDocTemplate;
pDocTemplate = new CMultiDocTemplate(IDR_MyTYPE,
RUNTIME_CLASS(CMyDoc),
RUNTIME_CLASS(CChildFrame), // 自定义 MDI 子框架
RUNTIME_CLASS(CMyView));
应用程序首先实例化一个CMultiDocTemplate对象,此过程也是对CMultiDocTemplate类数据成员的初始化过程。按调用次序我列出了以下源代码:
注释1: CDocTemplate构造函数定义在:../Visual Studio.NET/vc7/atlmfc/src/mfc/doctempl.cpp
CDocTemplate::CDocTemplate(UINT nIDResource, CRuntimeClass* pDocClass,
CRuntimeClass* pFrameClass, CRuntimeClass* pViewClass)//部分源代码
{
ASSERT_VALID_IDR(nIDResource);
ASSERT(pDocClass == NULL ||
pDocClass->IsDerivedFrom(RUNTIME_CLASS(CDocument)));
ASSERT(pFrameClass == NULL ||
pFrameClass->IsDerivedFrom(RUNTIME_CLASS(CFrameWnd)));
ASSERT(pViewClass == NULL ||
pViewClass->IsDerivedFrom(RUNTIME_CLASS(CView)));
m_nIDResource = nIDResource;
...//
m_pDocClass = pDocClass;
m_pFrameClass = pFrameClass;
m_pViewClass = pViewClass;
m_pOleFrameClass = NULL;
m_pOleViewClass = NULL;
...//
}
以上为CMultiDocTemplate类的基类CDocTemplate构造函数的部分源代码,该函数初始化了四个重要的成员
m_nIDResource,m_pDocClass,m_pFrameClass和m_pViewClass。
注释2: CMultiDocTemplate构造函数定义在:../Visual Studio.NET/vc7/atlmfc/src/mfc/docmulti.cpp
CMultiDocTemplate::CMultiDocTemplate(UINT nIDResource, CRuntimeClass* pDocClass,
CRuntimeClass* pFrameClass, CRuntimeClass* pViewClass)
: CDocTemplate(nIDResource, pDocClass, pFrameClass, pViewClass)
{
ASSERT(m_docList.IsEmpty());
m_hMenuShared = NULL;
m_hAccelTable = NULL;
m_nUntitledCount = 0; // start at 1
// load resources in constructor if not statically allocated
if (!CDocManager::bStaticInit)
LoadTemplate();
}
看完以上代码后,来回过头看一看InitInstance函数将什么参数值传给了CMultiDocTemplate的构造函数。
原来是一些RUNTIME_CLASS宏。以下是RUNTIME_CLASS宏的定义:
注释3: 以下的宏定义在:../Visual Studio.NET/vc7/atlmfc/include/afx.h中
#define RUNTIME_CLASS(class_name) _RUNTIME_CLASS(class_name)
#define _RUNTIME_CLASS(class_name) ((CRuntimeClass*)(&class_name::class##class_name))
这个地方是个难点,这将涉及到MFC的另一个重要技术---"执行期类型识别"。此项技术我将在
MFC技术内幕系列之(三)---《MFC执行期类型识别与动态创建技术内幕》中详细讲解。回到眼前来,源代码中这样作是为了将CMyDoc,CChildFrame,CMyView各类中的static CRuntimeClass class##class_name地址赋予CMultiDocTemplate类的各CRuntimeClass*指针成员m_pDocClass,m_pFrameClass和m_pViewClass,这位以后的动态创建Document/Frame/View"三口组"打下了基础。
///
/* 3.文档模板列队 */
///
文档模板初始化结束后,InitInstance函数调用了CWinApp::AddDocTemplate(pDocTemplate)函数,其主要目的是将以初始化后的那个文档模板加入到文档模板链表中,并由CDocManager类对象进行管理。以下操作就是为了完成此工作。
注释1: 以下函数定义在:../Visual Studio.NET/vc7/atlmfc/src/mfc/appui2.cpp
void CWinApp::AddDocTemplate(CDocTemplate* pTemplate)//将CMultiDocTemplate* pDocTemplate
{ //传给pTemplate
if (m_pDocManager == NULL)
m_pDocManager = new CDocManager;
m_pDocManager->AddDocTemplate(pTemplate);
}
注释2: 以下函数定义在:../Visual Studio.NET/vc7/atlmfc/src/mfc/docmgr.cpp
CDocManager::CDocManager()
{
}//目前是一个空函数;
void CDocManager::AddDocTemplate(CDocTemplate* pTemplate)//部分源代码
{
if (pTemplate == NULL)
{
...//
}
else
{
ASSERT_VALID(pTemplate);
ASSERT(m_templateList.Find(pTemplate, NULL) == NULL);// must not be in list
pTemplate->LoadTemplate();
m_templateList.AddTail(pTemplate);//CPtrList m_templateList is a member //of CDocManager
}
}
///
/* 4.创建程序主框架窗口 */
///
应用程序实例化了一个CMainFrame类对象,并调用LoadFrame函数加载窗口资源创建主框架窗口。以下是创建主框架窗口的流程。
创建窗口的主要代码是:pMainFrame->LoadFrame(IDR_MAINFRAME);LoadFrame函数是MFC包装了窗口创建过程的函数,在后面动态创建Child窗口时,它还将披挂上阵(但稍有不同)。下面是它的源代码,让我们仔细分析一下:
注释1: 以下函数定义在:../Visual Studio.NET/vc7/atlmfc/src/mfc/winmdi.cpp
BOOL CMDIFrameWnd::LoadFrame(UINT nIDResource, DWORD dwDefaultStyle,
CWnd* pParentWnd, CCreateContext* pContext)
{
if (!CFrameWnd::LoadFrame(nIDResource, dwDefaultStyle,
pParentWnd, pContext))
return FALSE;
// save menu to use when no active MDI child window is present
ASSERT(m_hWnd != NULL);
m_hMenuDefault = ::GetMenu(m_hWnd);
if (m_hMenuDefault == NULL)
TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "Warning: CMDIFrameWnd without a default menu./n");
return TRUE;
}
CMDIFrameWnd::LoadFrame调用了其基类CFrameWnd的LoadFrame,并将参数原封不动的传给它。
注释2: 以下函数定义在:../Visual Studio.NET/vc7/atlmfc/src/mfc/winfrm.cpp
BOOL CFrameWnd::LoadFrame(UINT nIDResource, DWORD dwDefaultStyle,
CWnd* pParentWnd, CCreateContext* pContext) //部分源代码
{
...//
CString strFullString;
if (strFullString.LoadString(nIDResource))
AfxExtractSubString(m_strTitle, strFullString, 0); // first sub-string
VERIFY(AfxDeferRegisterClass(AFX_WNDFRAMEORVIEW_REG));
// attempt to create the window
LPCTSTR lpszClass = GetIconWndClass(dwDefaultStyle, nIDResource);
CString strTitle = m_strTitle;
if (!Create(lpszClass, strTitle, dwDefaultStyle, rectDefault,
pParentWnd, MAKEINTRESOURCE(nIDResource), 0L, pContext))
{
return FALSE; // will self destruct on failure normally
}
...//
if (pContext == NULL) // send initial update
SendMessageToDescendants(WM_INITIALUPDATE, 0, 0, TRUE, TRUE);
return TRUE;
}
//
/* 4.1注册应用程序主框架窗口类 */
//
在传统的Win32API编程中,创建窗口一般步骤是定义窗口类,注册窗口类,并调用::CreateWindow函数来创建。前面说过LoadFrame函数封装了MFC创建窗口的过程,那么也就是说LoadFrame函数将负责定义窗口类,注册窗口类等琐碎工作。下面我们就通过挖掘源代码来看看LoadFrame函数是如何完成这些工作的。
LoadFrame首先调用AfxDeferRegisterClass(AFX_WNDFRAMEORVIEW_REG),
注释1: 以下宏定义在:../Visual Studio.NET/vc7/atlmfc/src/mfc/afximpl.h
#define AfxDeferRegisterClass(fClass) AfxEndDeferRegisterClass(fClass)
注释2: 以下函数定义在:../Visual Studio.NET/vc7/atlmfc/src/mfc/wincore.cpp
BOOL AFXAPI AfxEndDeferRegisterClass(LONG fToRegister)//部分源代码
{
// mask off all classes that are already registered
AFX_MODULE_STATE* pModuleState = AfxGetModuleState();
fToRegister &= ~pModuleState->m_fRegisteredClasses;
if (fToRegister == 0)
return TRUE;
LONG fRegisteredClasses = 0;
// common initialization
WNDCLASS wndcls;
memset(&wndcls, 0, sizeof(WNDCLASS)); // start with NULL defaults
wndcls.lpfnWndProc = DefWindowProc;
wndcls.hInstance = AfxGetInstanceHandle();
wndcls.hCursor = afxData.hcurArrow;
INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX init;
init.dwSize = sizeof(init);
// work to register classes as specified by fToRegister, populate fRegisteredClasses as we go
if (fToRegister & AFX_WND_REG)
{
// Child windows - no brush, no icon, safest default class styles
wndcls.style = CS_DBLCLKS | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndcls.lpszClassName = _afxWnd;
if (AfxRegisterClass(&wndcls))
fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WND_REG;
}
...//
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDMDIFRAME_REG)
{
// MDI Frame window (also used for splitter window)
wndcls.style = CS_DBLCLKS;
wndcls.hbrBackground = NULL;
if (_AfxRegisterWithIcon(&wndcls, _afxWndMDIFrame, AFX_IDI_STD_MDIFRAME))
fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDMDIFRAME_REG;
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDFRAMEORVIEW_REG)
{
// SDI Frame or MDI Child windows or views - normal colors
wndcls.style = CS_DBLCLKS | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndcls.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) (COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
if (_AfxRegisterWithIcon(&wndcls, _afxWndFrameOrView, AFX_IDI_STD_FRAME))
fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDFRAMEORVIEW_REG;
}
...//
// must have registered at least as mamy classes as requested
return (fToRegister & fRegisteredClasses) == fToRegister;
}
MFC预定义了若干个“窗口类模板”,比如"AFX_WNDMDIFRAME_REG","AFX_WNDFRAMEORVIEW_REG"等,MFC在
LoadFrame函数中调用AfxEndDeferRegisterClass函数为你的应用程序预注册了适当的窗口类。本例中预注册的窗口类为AFX_WNDFRAMEORVIEW_REG。(注意是预注册,如果你在后面更改了CREATESTRUCT结构的域成员,MFC还会根据你的更改重新为你的应用程序正式注册新的窗口类,稍候会有详细叙述)
预注册完窗口类,MFC将判断你是否想更改窗口类的各参数。若你更改了,则MFC会重新注册新类;否则源预注册的窗口类就将成为正式的窗口类。下面我们来看看MFC的判断过程:此判断过程由GetIconWndClass开始
LPCTSTR lpszClass = GetIconWndClass(dwDefaultStyle, nIDResource);
注释3: 以下函数定义在:../Visual Studio.NET/vc7/atlmfc/src/mfc/winfrm.cpp
LPCTSTR CFrameWnd::GetIconWndClass(DWORD dwDefaultStyle, UINT nIDResource)//部分源代码
{
...//
HICON hIcon = ::LoadIcon(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(nIDResource));
if (hIcon != NULL)
{
CREATESTRUCT cs;
memset(&cs, 0, sizeof(CREATESTRUCT));
cs.style = dwDefaultStyle;
PreCreateWindow(cs);
// will fill lpszClassName with default WNDCLASS name
// ignore instance handle from PreCreateWindow.
WNDCLASS wndcls;
if (cs.lpszClass != NULL &&
GetClassInfo(AfxGetInstanceHandle(), cs.lpszClass, &wndcls) &&
wndcls.hIcon != hIcon)
{
// register a very similar WNDCLASS
return AfxRegisterWndClass(wndcls.style,
wndcls.hCursor, wndcls.hbrBackground, hIcon);
}
}
return NULL; // just use the default
}
GetIconWndClass函数将调用CMainFrame::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs)来看看应用程序是否修改了CREATESTRUCT结构的域成员。CMainFrame::PreCreateWindow调用 CMDIFrameWnd::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs),后者的代码如下:
BOOL CMDIFrameWnd::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs)//in winmdi.cpp
{
if (cs.lpszClass == NULL)
{
VERIFY(AfxDeferRegisterClass(AFX_WNDMDIFRAME_REG));
cs.lpszClass = _afxWndMDIFrame;
}
return TRUE;
}
MFC将为应用程序注册AFX_WNDMDIFRAME_REG预定义窗口类,并设置cs.lpszClass = _afxWndMDIFrame。
在应用程序的代码中我更改了cs结构:
BOOL CMainFrame::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs)
{
if( !CMDIFrameWnd::PreCreateWindow(cs) )
return FALSE;
// TODO: 在此处通过修改 CREATESTRUCT cs 来修改窗口类或
// 样式
cs.dwExStyle=~WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE;
return TRUE;
}
CMainFrame::PreCreateWindow返回后,GetIconWndClass函数调用GetClassInfo函数重新收集cs信息(此时的信息已是更改后的了),并调用AfxRegisterWndClass函数重新注册该窗口类(此窗口类为该应用程序的正式窗口类)。到此为止窗口类注册完毕,以后程序还会调用一次CMainFrame::PreCreateWindow,不过那此只是"过门不如"而已。
/
/* 4.2主框架窗口创建开始 */
/
开始进入创建框架窗口的实质阶段。看LoadFrame函数做了什么?原来它调用了Create函数。
注释1: 以下函数定义在:../Visual Studio.NET/vc7/atlmfc/src/mfc/winfrm.cpp
BOOL CFrameWnd::Create(LPCTSTR lpszClassName,
LPCTSTR lpszWindowName,
DWORD dwStyle,
const RECT& rect,
CWnd* pParentWnd,
LPCTSTR lpszMenuName,
DWORD dwExStyle,
CCreateContext* pContext)
{
HMENU hMenu = NULL;
if (lpszMenuName != NULL)
{
// load in a menu that will get destroyed when window gets destroyed
HINSTANCE hInst = AfxFindResourceHandle(lpszMenuName, RT_MENU);
if ((hMenu = ::LoadMenu(hInst, lpszMenuName)) == NULL)
{
TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "Warning: failed to load menu for CFrameWnd./n");
PostNcDestroy(); // perhaps delete the C++ object
return FALSE;
}
}
m_strTitle = lpszWindowName; // save title for later
if (!CreateEx(dwExStyle, lpszClassName, lpszWindowName, dwStyle,
rect.left, rect.top, rect.right - rect.left, rect.bottom - rect.top,
pParentWnd->GetSafeHwnd(), hMenu, (LPVOID)pContext))
{
TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "Warning: failed to create CFrameWnd./n");
if (hMenu != NULL)
DestroyMenu(hMenu);
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
简单地说CFrameWnd::Create函数调用了基类的CWnd::CreateEx;
注释2: 以下函数定义在:../Visual Studio.NET/vc7/atlmfc/src/mfc/wincore.cpp
BOOL CWnd::CreateEx(DWORD dwExStyle, LPCTSTR lpszClassName,
LPCTSTR lpszWindowName, DWORD dwStyle,
int x, int y, int nWidth, int nHeight,
HWND hWndParent, HMENU nIDorHMenu, LPVOID lpParam)//部分源代码
{
// allow modification of several common create parameters
CREATESTRUCT cs;
cs.dwExStyle = dwExStyle;
cs.lpszClass = lpszClassName;
cs.lpszName = lpszWindowName;
cs.style = dwStyle;
cs.x = x;
cs.y = y;
cs.cx = nWidth;
cs.cy = nHeight;
cs.hwndParent = hWndParent;
cs.hMenu = nIDorHMenu;
cs.hInstance = AfxGetInstanceHandle();
cs.lpCreateParams = lpParam;
if (!PreCreateWindow(cs))
{
PostNcDestroy();
return FALSE;
}
AfxHookWindowCreate(this);
HWND hWnd = ::CreateWindowEx(cs.dwExStyle, cs.lpszClass,
cs.lpszName, cs.style, cs.x, cs.y, cs.cx, cs.cy,
cs.hwndParent, cs.hMenu, cs.hInstance, cs.lpCreateParams);
...//
return TRUE;
}
BOOL CMainFrame::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs)
{
if( !CMDIFrameWnd::PreCreateWindow(cs) )
return FALSE;
// TODO: 在此处通过修改 CREATESTRUCT cs 来修改窗口类或
// 样式
cs.dwExStyle=~WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE;
return TRUE;
}
BOOL CMDIFrameWnd::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs)
{
if (cs.lpszClass == NULL)
{
VERIFY(AfxDeferRegisterClass(AFX_WNDMDIFRAME_REG));
cs.lpszClass = _afxWndMDIFrame;
}
return TRUE;
}
CWnd::CreateEx调用了CMainFrame::PreCreateWindow,但此次AfxDeferRegisterClass将不会被调用。也就是我上面所说的“过门不入”。
CWnd::CreateEx函数还调用了AfxHookWindowCreate(this);后者是干什么的呢?其实它与消息映射和命令传递有关,我将在MFC技术内幕系列之(四)--《MFC消息映射与消息传递内幕》一文中详解。
CWnd::CreateEx调用Win32API ::CreateWindowEx函数(传统的Win32API程序员一定不陌生这个函数),
就这样主框架窗口创建结束。
//
/* 5.标准外壳命令解析 */
///
MFC向导制作的标准MDI应用程序启动时,应用程序会自动启动一个子窗口框架(实际上是一套文档模板),这是为何呢?下面我将详细讲解一下这个创建过程.
其实这一过程也是在CMyWinApp::InitInstance()函数中完成的,看看下面代码:
CCommandLineInfo cmdInfo;
ParseCommandLine(cmdInfo);
if (!ProcessShellCommand(cmdInfo))
return FALSE;
函数首先实例化一个CCommandLineInfo类对象cmdInfo,让我们看看CCommandLineInfo是个什么东东?
//in afxwin.h
class CCommandLineInfo : public CObject//部分源代码
{
public:
// Sets default values
CCommandLineInfo();
...//
BOOL m_bShowSplash;
BOOL m_bRunEmbedded;
BOOL m_bRunAutomated;
enum { FileNew, FileOpen, FilePrint, FilePrintTo, FileDDE, AppRegister,
AppUnregister, FileNothing = -1 } m_nShellCommand;
// not valid for FileNew
CString m_strFileName;
// valid only for FilePrintTo
CString m_strPrinterName;
CString m_strDriverName;
CString m_strPortName;
~CCommandLineInfo();
// Implementation
...//
};
再让我们来看看它的构造函数的实现:
//in appcore.cpp
CCommandLineInfo::CCommandLineInfo()
{
m_bShowSplash = TRUE;
m_bRunEmbedded = FALSE;
m_bRunAutomated = FALSE;
m_nShellCommand = FileNew;
}
m_nShellCommand = FileNew;这一句对我们最重要;至于CWinApp::ParseCommandLine我想用MFC文档中的一句话来解释:
Call this member function to parse the command line and send the parameters, one at a time, to CCommandLineInfo::ParseParam.
下面我们来看看外壳命令解析的主角:CWinApp::ProcessShellCommand
//in appui2.cpp
//DDE and ShellExecute support
BOOL CWinApp::ProcessShellCommand(CCommandLineInfo& rCmdInfo)//部分源代码
{
BOOL bResult = TRUE;
switch (rCmdInfo.m_nShellCommand)
{
case CCommandLineInfo::FileNew:
if (!AfxGetApp()->OnCmdMsg(ID_FILE_NEW, 0, NULL, NULL))
OnFileNew();
if (m_pMainWnd == NULL)
bResult = FALSE;
break;
// If we've been asked to open a file, call OpenDocumentFile()
case CCommandLineInfo::FileOpen:
if (!OpenDocumentFile(rCmdInfo.m_strFileName))
bResult = FALSE;
break;
case CCommandLineInfo::FilePrintTo:
case CCommandLineInfo::FilePrint:
...//
case CCommandLineInfo::FileDDE:
...//
case CCommandLineInfo::AppRegister:
...//
case CCommandLineInfo::AppUnregister:
...//
}
return bResult;
}
挖掘源代码的确是了解MFC运行内幕的最好手段,大家一看源代码便知道如之何了。CCommandLineInfo构造函数中m_nShellCommand = FileNew;所以在ProcessShellCommand中对应的代码自然就一目了然了:CWinApp::OnFileNew()被调用了。
//
/* 6.一套文档/视图即将诞生 */
//
上文说CWinApp::OnFileNew()被调用了,那么就让我来看看其代码吧!
//in appdlg.cpp
void CWinApp::OnFileNew()
{
if (m_pDocManager != NULL)
m_pDocManager->OnFileNew();
}
//in docmgr.cpp
void CDocManager::OnFileNew()//部分源代码
{
...//
CDocTemplate* pTemplate = (CDocTemplate*)m_templateList.GetHead();
if (m_templateList.GetCount() > 1)
{
// more than one document template to choose from
// bring up dialog prompting user
CNewTypeDlg dlg(&m_templateList);
INT_PTR nID = dlg.DoModal();
if (nID == IDOK)
pTemplate = dlg.m_pSelectedTemplate;
else
return; // none - cancel operation
}
ASSERT(pTemplate != NULL);
ASSERT_KINDOF(CDocTemplate, pTemplate);
pTemplate->OpenDocumentFile(NULL);
// if returns NULL, the user has already been alerted
}
//in docmulti.cpp
CDocument* CMultiDocTemplate::OpenDocumentFile(LPCTSTR lpszPathName,
BOOL bMakeVisible)//部分源代码
{
CDocument* pDocument = CreateNewDocument();
...//
BOOL bAutoDelete = pDocument->m_bAutoDelete;
pDocument->m_bAutoDelete = FALSE; // don't destroy if something goes wrong
CFrameWnd* pFrame = CreateNewFrame(pDocument, NULL);
pDocument->m_bAutoDelete = bAutoDelete;
...//
if (lpszPathName == NULL)
{
// create a new document - with default document name
SetDefaultTitle(pDocument);
// avoid creating temporary compound file when starting up invisible
if (!bMakeVisible)
pDocument->m_bEmbedded = TRUE;
if (!pDocument->OnNewDocument())
{
// user has be alerted to what failed in OnNewDocument
TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "CDocument::OnNewDocument returned FALSE./n");
pFrame->DestroyWindow();
return NULL;
}
// it worked, now bump untitled count
m_nUntitledCount++;
}
else
{
// open an existing document
CWaitCursor wait;
if (!pDocument->OnOpenDocument(lpszPathName))
{
// user has be alerted to what failed in OnOpenDocument
TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "CDocument::OnOpenDocument returned FALSE./n");
pFrame->DestroyWindow();
return NULL;
}
pDocument->SetPathName(lpszPathName);
}
InitialUpdateFrame(pFrame, pDocument, bMakeVisible);
return pDocument;
}
//
/* 6.1.子文档动态生成 */
//
CMultiDocTemplate::OpenDocumentFile调用了CreateNewDocument(),这就是子文档动态生成的主函数。
//in doctempl.cpp
CDocument* CDocTemplate::CreateNewDocument()//部分源代码
{
// default implementation constructs one from CRuntimeClass
...//
CDocument* pDocument = (CDocument*)m_pDocClass->CreateObject();
...//
AddDocument(pDocument);//将动态生成的文档对象的指针加入到应用程序的文档列表中
return pDocument;
}
CDocument* pDocument = (CDocument*)m_pDocClass->CreateObject();这一句就是动态产生的核心,它借助于CRuntimeClass动态生成一个CDocument对象。其动态生成的奥秘我将在MFC技术内幕系列之(三)---
《MFC执行期类型识别与动态创建技术内幕》一文中详解。
//
/* 6.2.子窗口框架动态生成 */
/
CMultiDocTemplate::OpenDocumentFile调用了CreateNewFrame,这就是子窗口框架动态生成的主函数。
// Default frame creation
CFrameWnd* CDocTemplate::CreateNewFrame(CDocument* pDoc, CFrameWnd* pOther)//部分源代码
{
if (pDoc != NULL)
ASSERT_VALID(pDoc);
// create a frame wired to the specified document
ASSERT(m_nIDResource != 0); // must have a resource ID to load from
CCreateContext context;
context.m_pCurrentFrame = pOther;
context.m_pCurrentDoc = pDoc;
context.m_pNewViewClass = m_pViewClass;
context.m_pNewDocTemplate = this;
...//
CFrameWnd* pFrame = (CFrameWnd*)m_pFrameClass->CreateObject();
if (pFrame == NULL)
{
TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "Warning: Dynamic create of frame %hs failed./n",
m_pFrameClass->m_lpszClassName);
return NULL;
}
ASSERT_KINDOF(CFrameWnd, pFrame);
...//
// create new from resource
if (!pFrame->LoadFrame(m_nIDResource,
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | FWS_ADDTOTITLE, // default frame styles
NULL, &context))
{
TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "Warning: CDocTemplate couldn't create a frame./n");
// frame will be deleted in PostNcDestroy cleanup
return NULL;
}
// it worked !
return pFrame;
}
CFrameWnd* pFrame = (CFrameWnd*)m_pFrameClass->CreateObject();这一句就是动态产生的核心,它借助于CRuntimeClass动态生成一个CDocument对象。其动态生成的奥秘我将在MFC技术内幕系列之(三)---
《MFC执行期类型识别与动态创建技术内幕》一文中详解。之后函数调用LoadFrame来创建子窗口。其过程与创建主框架窗口的过程大致相同,但也有一些不同的地方,下面我就将说说这点不同。
//
/* 6.3.子视图动态生成 */
//
瞪大眼睛仔细察看OpenDocumentFile的源代码,疑惑了,"怎么没有类似CView* pView =CreateNewView();
的代码?","那么子视图是如何生成的呢"下面我就为你详细解释一下吧!其实子视图动态生成函数被放到另一个地方了。让我们详细来看看吧。
其实,关键还是在LoadFrame,但与创建主窗口框架的那个LoadFrame不同的是传进了一个不同的参数
&context,你回过头看看主窗口框架的那个LoadFrame,调用它时使用了默认参数,而那个默认参数值为NULL,
下面看看CCreateContext 结构。
//in afxext.h
struct CCreateContext // Creation information structure
// All fields are optional and may be NULL
{
// for creating new views
CRuntimeClass* m_pNewViewClass; // runtime class of view to create or NULL
CDocument* m_pCurrentDoc;
// for creating MDI children (CMDIChildWnd::LoadFrame)
CDocTemplate* m_pNewDocTemplate;
// for sharing view/frame state from the original view/frame
CView* m_pLastView;
CFrameWnd* m_pCurrentFrame;
// Implementation
CCreateContext();
};
而在CDocTemplate::CreateNewFrame中初始化了该结构如下:
CCreateContext context;
context.m_pCurrentFrame = pOther;
context.m_pCurrentDoc = pDoc;
context.m_pNewViewClass = m_pViewClass;
context.m_pNewDocTemplate = this;
context.m_pNewViewClass = m_pViewClass;//关键的成员
下面看看这个创建的具体过程:
LoadFrame(...,&context)-->CFrameWnd::Create(...,&context)--> CWnd::CreateEx(...,&context)
-->::CreateWindowEx
::CreateWindowEx API函数将产生WM_CREATE消息,并将&context传递之,CMainFrame::OnCreate将响应消息,并引起一系列的函数调用,看下面:
//in mainfrm.cpp
int CMainFrame::OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct)
{
if (CMDIFrameWnd::OnCreate(lpCreateStruct) == -1)
return -1;
...//
return 0;
}
// in winfrm.cpp
int CFrameWnd::OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpcs)
{
CCreateContext* pContext = (CCreateContext*)lpcs->lpCreateParams;
return OnCreateHelper(lpcs, pContext);
}
// in winfrm.cpp
int CFrameWnd::OnCreateHelper(LPCREATESTRUCT lpcs, CCreateContext* pContext)//部分源代码
{
if (CWnd::OnCreate(lpcs) == -1)
return -1;
// create special children first
if (!OnCreateClient(lpcs, pContext))
{
TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "Failed to create client pane/view for frame./n");
return -1;
}
...//
return 0; // create ok
}
// in winfrm.cpp
BOOL CFrameWnd::OnCreateClient(LPCREATESTRUCT, CCreateContext* pContext)
{
// default create client will create a view if asked for it
if (pContext != NULL && pContext->m_pNewViewClass != NULL)
{
if (CreateView(pContext, AFX_IDW_PANE_FIRST) == NULL)
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
// in winfrm.cpp
CWnd* CFrameWnd::CreateView(CCreateContext* pContext, UINT nID)//部分源代码
{
...//
// Note: can be a CWnd with PostNcDestroy self cleanup
CWnd* pView = (CWnd*)pContext->m_pNewViewClass->CreateObject();
if (pView == NULL)
{
TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "Warning: Dynamic create of view type %hs failed./n",
pContext->m_pNewViewClass->m_lpszClassName);
return NULL;
}
ASSERT_KINDOF(CWnd, pView);
// views are always created with a border!
if (!pView->Create(NULL, NULL, AFX_WS_DEFAULT_VIEW,
CRect(0,0,0,0), this, nID, pContext))
{
TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "Warning: could not create view for frame./n");
return NULL; // can't continue without a view
}
...//
return pView;
}
CWnd* pView = (CWnd*)pContext->m_pNewViewClass->CreateObject();核心函数终于出现了。子视图动态生成完毕。
/
/* 7.收尾工作 */
/
至此,一套完整的Document/ChildFrame/View结构生成,此“三口组”共属同一套文档模板,如果你要定义另一套不同的文档模档需再定义另一组不同“三口组”(ChildFrame可以使用相同的)。并调用AddDocTemplate将该文档模板加入到应用程序的文档模板列表。比如:
CMultiDocTemplate* pOtherDocTemplate;
pOtherDocTemplate = new CMultiDocTemplate(IDR_MyOtherTYPE,
RUNTIME_CLASS(CMyOtherDoc),
RUNTIME_CLASS(CChildFrame), // 自定义 MDI 子框架
RUNTIME_CLASS(CMyOtherView));
AddDocTemplate(pOtherDocTemplate);
“三口组”生成后程序调用ShowWindow,UpdateWindow将应用程序的主窗口展现在你眼前。
注释:当你在File菜单中选择new或在工具栏中单击“新建”时,应用程序将选择当前默认的文档模板并以它为基础动态生成 Document/ChildFrame/View“三口组”,其生成过程与我上述讲的一般不二。
/* 8. "下集预告" */
MFC技术内幕系列之(三)---《MFC执行期类型识别与动态创建技术内幕》