使用SNMP和MRTG监控Linux服务器

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在现代的网络环境中,对服务器进行监控是确保系统稳定性和性能优化的关键。SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol)和MRTG(Multi Router Traffic Grapher)是两个常用的工具,可以帮助我们实现对Linux服务器的监控和性能统计。本文将介绍如何使用SNMP和MRTG来监控Linux系统服务器,并提供相应的源代码。

  1. 安装SNMP和MRTG

首先,我们需要在Linux服务器上安装SNMP和MRTG。可以使用以下命令在Debian/Ubuntu系统上进行安装:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install snmpd mrtg

安装完成后,SNMP和MRTG将被配置并自动启动。

  1. 配置SNMP

接下来,我们需要配置SNMP以允许远程访问。编辑SNMP配置文件:

sudo nano /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

找到以下行并进行相应的修改:

com2sec readonly  default         public

将其中的"public"修改为您自己的SNMP共同体字符串。然后找到以下行并取消注释:

#agentAddress  udp:161,udp6:[::1]:161

将其修改为:

agentAddress udp:161,udp6:[::1]:161

保存并退出配置文件。重新启动SNMP服务以应用更改:

sudo serv
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STG (SNMP Traffic Grapher) version 1.4.5 Copyright (C) 2000 Leonid Mikhailov This freeware utility allows monitoring of supporting SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c devices including Cisco, Livingstone, Riverstone etc. Intended as fast aid for network administrators who need prompt access to current information about state of network equipment. Copyright In brief: You may use STG for any commercial and non commercial purpose. You may distribute STG for free. You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy only. This program is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY. Use it at your own risk. I cannot guarantee accuracy of displayed data. I am not liable to you for any possible damages etc... Source code is not available. Features: Single graph displays changes of two configurable SNMP variables with display of Current, Average, Maximum values. Screen snapshot: http://www.chat.ru/~leonidvm/stg.jpg Could be downloaded from: http://www.chat.ru/~leonidvm/ ftp://ftp.naytov.com/pub/stg/ Newer versions will be there too. STG was written as an add-on for MRTG application by Tobias Oetiker. MRTG (http://ee-staff.ethz.ch/~oetiker/webtools/mrtg/mrtg.html) is absolutely necessary for every network and system administrator. It provides SNMP monitoring of any number devices simultaneously. However during my duties I often have to check state of ports on different routers that are not always in my domain and setting MRTG configuration takes some time. And does not allow to see last second changes in traffic. That's why STG was written. It allows monitoring of SNMP devices with different update periods starting from 0.01s so you could see what's happening right now. Also STG could be useful during network problems troubleshooting. It runs on MS Windows 2000, Windows NT 4.0, Windows 98 and Windows Millenium. To run it on WinNT 4.0 you may need mgmtapi.dll and mib.bin (see below) To run it on Win98 and Millenium you will need mg
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