学生成绩管理系统~

为了迎接即将到来的数据结构实训，我终于抽时间提前把学生成绩信息管理系统给敲完了，本来是想用纯c++来写的，但是文件操作那一块c++我有点没搞懂就用了c的文件操作，我也不知道使用啥写的了，有c++也有c，因为c++兼容c，所以运行没啥子问题，就是没那么规范。

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS //vs宏定义
#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<malloc.h>  
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
struct student {
	char name[10], sex[3], student_id[20], id_number[20];
	int age, math, english, politics, sum;
};
typedef struct list {
	student data;
	struct list* next;
}*listd;
listd headlist(); //初始化链表,创建头结点 
listd headlist() {
	listd head = (listd)malloc(sizeof(list));
	head->next = NULL;
	return head;
}
listd newlist(student x); //创建新节点 
listd newlist(student x) {
	listd p = (listd)malloc(sizeof(list));
	p->data = x;
	p->next = NULL;
	return p;
}
void intolist(listd head, student x); //插入链表结点 
void intolist(listd head, student x) {
	listd s = newlist(x);
	s->next = head->next;
	head->next = s;
}
listd checklist(listd head, char* x);	//查找结点 
listd checklist(listd head, char* x) {
	listd p = head->next;
	while (p) {
		if (!strcmp(p->data.name, x) || !strcmp(p->data.student_id, x))
			return p;
		p = p->next;
	}
	return NULL;
}
bool dellist(listd head, char* x); //删除结点 
bool dellist(listd head, char* x) {
	listd p, s;
	p = head;
	s = head->next;
	if (s == NULL) {
		return false;
	}
	while (1) {
		if (!strcmp(s->data.name, x) || !strcmp(s->data.student_id, x)) {
			break;
		}
		p = s;
		s = s->next;
		if (s == NULL) {
			return false;
		}
	}
	p->next = s->next;
	free(s);
	return true;
}
void reviselist(listd head, int a, char* x); //修改内容 
void reviselist(listd head, int a, char* x) {
	char name[10], sex[3], student_id[20], id_number[20];
	int age, len, i, math, english, politics;
	listd p = head->next;
	while (p) {
		if (!strcmp(p->data.name, x))
			break;
		p = p->next;
	}
	switch (a) {
		case 1:
			cout << "请输入新的姓名：" << endl;
			cin >> name;
			len = sizeof(name) / sizeof(char);
			for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
				p->data.name[i] = name[i];
			break;
		case 2:
			cout << "请输入新的性别：" << endl;
			cin >> sex;
			len = sizeof(sex) / sizeof(char);
			for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
				p->data.sex[i] = sex[i];
			break;
		case 3:
			cout << "请输入新的年龄：" << endl;
			cin >> age;
			p->data.age = age;
			break;
		case 4:
			cout << "请输入新的学号：" << endl;
			cin >> student_id;
			len = sizeof(student_id) / sizeof(char);
			for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
				p->data.student_id[i] = student_id[i];
			break;
		case 5:
			cout << "请输入新的身份证号：" << endl;
			cin >> id_number;
			len = sizeof(id_number) / sizeof(char);
			for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
				p->data.id_number[i] = id_number[i];
			break;
		case 6:
			cout << "请输入新的数学成绩：" << endl;
			cin >> math;
			p->data.math = math;
			p->data.sum = p->data.math + p->data.english + p->data.politics;
			break;
		case 7:
			cout << "请输入新的英语成绩：" << endl;
			cin >> english;
			p->data.english = english;
			p->data.sum = p->data.math + p->data.english + p->data.politics;
			break;
		case 8:
			cout << "请输入新的政治成绩：" << endl;
			cin >> politics;
			p->data.politics = politics;
			p->data.sum = p->data.math + p->data.english + p->data.politics;
			break;
	}
}
void statistics(listd head, int b);  //查看单科的平均分，最高分，最低分 
void statistics(listd head, int b) {
	int  l = 0, max = -1, min = 999;
	float sum = 0;
	listd p = head;
	switch (b) {
	case 1:
		for (p = p->next; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
			if (p->data.math > max)
				max = p->data.math;
			if (p->data.math < min)
				min = p->data.math;
			sum += p->data.math;
			l++;
		}
		cout << "数学成绩信息~\n最高分\t最低分\t平均分" << endl;
		printf("%d\t%d\t%.2f", max, min, sum / l);
		break;
	case 2:
		for (p = p->next; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
			if (p->data.english > max)
				max = p->data.english;
			if (p->data.english < min)
				min = p->data.english;
			sum += p->data.english;
			l++;
		}
		cout << "英语成绩信息~\n最高分\t最低分\t平均分" << endl;
		printf("%d\t%d\t%.2f", max, min, sum / l);
		break;
	case 3:
		for (p = p->next; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
			if (p->data.politics > max)
				max = p->data.politics;
			if (p->data.politics < min)
				min = p->data.politics;
			sum += p->data.politics;
			l++;
		}
		cout << "政治成绩信息~\n最高分\t最低分\t平均分" << endl;
		printf("%d\t%d\t%.2f", max, min, sum / l);
		break;
	}
}
void rise_sum(listd head); //按总分交换升序排序 
void rise_sum(listd head) {
	listd p = head;
	listd s, q;
	for (p = p->next; p->next != NULL; p = p->next)
		for (s = p->next; s != NULL; s = s->next) {
			if (p->data.sum > s->data.sum)
			{
				q = newlist(p->data);
				p->data = s->data;
				s->data = q->data;
				free(q);
			}
		}
}
void add_sum(listd head);//按总分插入排序
void add_sum(listd head) {
	listd p,s;
	student x;
	student next[100];
	int i = 0,c;
	for (p = head->next; p->next != NULL; p = p->next) {
		x = p->data;
		for (s = p->next; s != NULL; s = s->next) {
			if (s->data.sum < x.sum)
			{
				intolist(s, x);
				break;
			}
		}
		next[i++] = x;
		if(s==NULL)
			intolist(head, x);
	}
	for (c = 0; c < i; c++)
		dellist(head,next[c].name);
}
void stack(student a[], int k, int len);//调整堆
void stack(student a[], int k, int len) {
	int i;
	student s;
	for ( i = 2 * k; i <=len; i *= 2) {

		if (i<len&&a[i].sum > a[i+1].sum)
		{
			i++;
		}
		if (a[k].sum<=a[i].sum)
		{
			break;
		}
		else
		{	
			s=a[k];
			a[k]= a[i];
			a[i] = s;
		}
	}
}
void stack1(student a[], int len);//从最后一个的双亲结点开始反复调整堆
void stack1(student a[], int len) {
	for (int i = len/2; i >0; i--)
	{
		stack(a, i, len);
	}
}
void stacksum(student a[], int len);//堆顶元素依次输出
void stacksum(student a[], int len) {
	int i;
	student s;
	stack1(a, len);
	cout << "\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t学号\t\t身份证号\t\t数学\t英语\t政治\t总成绩\t" << endl;
	for (i = len ; i > 0; i--) {
		printf("\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t\n", a[1].name, a[1].sex,
		 a[1].age, a[1].student_id, a[1].id_number, a[1].math, a[1].english, a[1].politics, a[1].sum);
		s = a[1];
		a[1] = a[i];
		a[i] = s;
		stack(a, i - 1);
	}
}
void readf(listd head, const char* name); //文件的读操作 
void readf(listd head, const char* name) {
	FILE* fp;
	student x;
	fp = fopen(name, "r");
	if (fp == NULL) {
		fp = fopen(name, "w+");
	}
	while (fscanf(fp, "\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t\n", x.name, x.sex,
	 &x.age, x.student_id, x.id_number, &x.math, &x.english, &x.politics, &x.sum) != EOF) {
		intolist(head, x);
	}
	fclose(fp);
}
void writef(listd head, const char* name); //文件写操作 
void writef(listd head, const char* name) {
	FILE* fp;
	listd p = head->next;
	fp = fopen(name, "w");
	while (p) {
		fprintf(fp, "\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t\n", p->data.name, p->data.sex,
		 p->data.age, p->data.student_id, p->data.id_number, p->data.math, p->data.english, p->data.politics, p->data.sum);
		p = p->next;
	}

}
void copylist(listd head, const list root); //拷贝链表操作
void copylist(listd head, const list root)
{
	listd p ;
	for (p = root.next; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
		intolist(head, p->data);
	}
}
void printlist(listd head);//打印链表 
void printlist(listd head) {
	listd p = head->next;
	while (p) {
		printf("\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t\n", p->data.name, p->data.sex,
		 p->data.age, p->data.student_id, p->data.id_number, p->data.math, p->data.english, p->data.politics, p->data.sum);
		p = p->next;
	}
}
int structure(int a, listd head); //后台交互结构 
int structure(int a, listd head) {
	student x,c[100];
	listd p,s;
	s = headlist();
	int b;
	switch (a) {
		case 1:
			cout << "请按顺序分别输入~" << endl << "姓名 性别 年龄 学号 身份证号 数学成绩 英语成绩 政治成绩：" << endl;
			scanf("%s%s%d%s%s%d%d%d", &x.name, &x.sex, &x.age, &x.student_id, &x.id_number, &x.math, &x.english, &x.politics);
			x.sum = x.math + x.english + x.politics;
			intolist(head, x);
			break;
		case 2:
			cout << "请输入需要查找的姓名或学号:" << endl;
			cin >> x.name;
			p = checklist(head, x.name);
			if (p == NULL)
				cout << "查找失败" << endl;
			else {
				cout << "\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t学号\t\t身份证号\t\t数学\t英语\t政治\t总成绩\t" << endl;
				printf("\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t\n", p->data.name, p->data.sex,
				 p->data.age, p->data.student_id, p->data.id_number, p->data.math, p->data.english, p->data.politics, p->data.sum);
			}	system("pause");
			break;
		case 3:
			L:
			cout << "请输入要删除的姓名或学号:" << endl;
			cin >> x.name;
			if (!dellist(head, x.name)) {
				cout << "删除学生失败！" << endl;
				cout << "输入1退回主菜单   输入任意“数字”则重新输入~" << endl;
				cin >> b;
				if (b == 1)
					return 0;
				else
					goto L;
			}
			else
				cout << "删除成功" << endl;
			system("pause");
			break;
		case 4:
			cout << "\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t学号\t\t身份证号\t\t数学\t英语\t政治\t总成绩\t" << endl;
			printlist(head);
			cout << "请输入需要修改的姓名或学号:";
			while (1) {
				cin >> x.name;
				p = checklist(head, x.name);
				if (p == NULL)
					cout << "修改内容不存在！！！" << endl;
				else {
					cout << "\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t学号\t\t身份证号\t\t数学\t英语\t政治\t总成绩\t" << endl;
					printf("\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t\n", p->data.name, p->data.sex,
					 p->data.age, p->data.student_id, p->data.id_number, p->data.math, p->data.english, p->data.politics, p->data.sum);
					break;
				}
				cout << "·输入1返回主菜单" << endl << "·输入任意数字重新输入" << endl;
				cout << "~请输入：";
				cin >> b;
				if (b == 1)
					return 0;
				else
					cout << "请输入需要修改的姓名或学号：";
			}
			cout << "请输入需要修改的属性编号:" << endl;
			cout << "属性: 1.姓名 2.性别 3.年龄 4.学号 5.身份证号 6.数学成绩 7.英语成绩 8.政治成绩" << endl;
			while (1) {
				cin >> b;
				if (b > 0 && b < 9)
					break;
				cout << "选择无效请重新输入:" << endl;
				cout << "·输入1返回主菜单" << endl << "·输入任意数字重新输入" << endl;
				cout << "~请输入：";
				cin >> b;
				if (b == 1)
					return 0;
				else
					cout << "请输入需要修改的属性编号:" << endl;
					cout << "属性: 1.姓名 2.性别 3.年龄 4.学号 5.身份证号 6.数学成绩 7.英语成绩 8.政治成绩" << endl;
			}
			reviselist(head, b, x.name);
			cout << "修改成功" << endl;
			cout << "\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t学号\t\t身份证号\t\t数学\t英语\t政治\t总成绩\t" << endl;
			printf("\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t\n", p->data.name, p->data.sex,
			 p->data.age, p->data.student_id, p->data.id_number, p->data.math, p->data.english, p->data.politics, p->data.sum);
			system("pause");
			break;
		case 5:
			cout << "请输入需要查询的单科成绩编号：" << endl;
			cout << "1.数学 2.英语 3.政治" << endl;
			while (1) {
				cin >> b;
				if (b > 0 && b < 4)
					break;
				cout << "选择无效请重新输入:" << endl;
				cout << "·输入1返回主菜单" << endl << "·输入任意数字重新输入" << endl;
				cout << "~请输入：";
				cin >> b;
				if (b == 1)
					return 0;
				else
					cout << "请输入需要查询的单科成绩编号:" << endl << "1.数学 2.英语 3.政治" << endl;
			}
			statistics(head, b);
			cout << endl;
			system("pause");
			break;
		case 6:
			cout << "\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t学号\t\t身份证号\t\t数学\t英语\t政治\t总成绩\t" << endl;
			printlist(head);
			system("pause");
			break;
		case 7:
			copylist(s, *head);
			cout << "\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t学号\t\t身份证号\t\t数学\t英语\t政治\t总成绩\t" << endl;
			printlist(head);
			cout << "请输入排序方式~"<<endl;
			S:
			cout << "1.交换排序\t2.插入排序\t3.堆排序" << endl;
			cin >> b;
			if (b<1||b>3)
			{
				cout << "请输入正确的编号:"<<endl;
				goto S;
			}
			switch (b)
			{
			case 1:
				cout << "排序已经完成~" << endl;
				cout << "\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t学号\t\t身份证号\t\t数学\t英语\t政治\t总成绩\t" << endl;
				rise_sum(s);
				printlist(s);
				break;
			case 2:
				cout << "排序已经完成~" << endl;
				cout << "\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t学号\t\t身份证号\t\t数学\t英语\t政治\t总成绩\t" << endl;
				add_sum(s);
				printlist(s);
				break;
			case 3:
				listd s;
				int l;
				w:
				cout <<endl<< "请输入合理的个数~" << endl;
				cout << "请输入排序的个数:" ;
				cin >> b;
				l = 0;
				for (s = head->next; s != NULL; s = s->next) {
					l++;
				}
				if (!(b > 0 && b <= l)) {
					goto w;
				}
				listd p = head->next;
				for (int i = 1; i <=b; i++) {
					c[i] = p->data;
					p = p->next;
				}
				cout << "排序已经完成~" << endl;
				stacksum(c, b);
				break;
			}
			system("pause");
			break;
		case 8:
			writef(head, "student.txt");
			cout << "正在正常退出!!!";
			exit(0);
			break;
	}	return 0;
}
void  interface(); //用户交互界面 
void  interface() {
	int a;
	listd head = headlist();
	readf(head, "student.txt");
	while (1) {
		cout << "================学生信息管理系统====================" << endl;
		cout << endl;
		cout << "\t\t1.添加学生信息" << endl;
		cout << "\t\t2.查找学生信息" << endl;
		cout << "\t\t3.删除学生信息" << endl;
		cout << "\t\t4.修改学生信息" << endl;
		cout << "\t\t5.查看单科成绩信息" << endl;
		cout << "\t\t6.查看总信息" << endl;
		cout << "\t\t7.对总分进行升序排序" << endl;
		cout << "\t\t8.退出系统" << endl;
		cout << "\t\t\t\t所有者：Geek_S" << endl << endl;
		cout << "\t\t\t\t请正常退出系统" << endl;
		cout << "\t\t\t\t否则无法保存数据！！" << endl;
		cout << "=====================================================" << endl;
		cout << "请输入需要执行的功能编号：";
		while (1) {
			cin >> a;
			if (a > 0 && a < 9)
				break;
			cout << "输入无效请重新输入：" << endl;
		}
		structure(a, head);
		system("cls");
	}
}
int main() {
	interface();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}


//其实一个真正好的管理系统是需要不断完善的，功能可以随意加
//只要你想得到，都可以添加进去

内容并不是很难，虽然看起来代码挺多的但是难点并不是很多，和那些变态的算法题比起来写一个交互式系统并不是很烧脑的事情，里面用到的算法也是很简单的，就是一些基本的增删改查以及排序的操作，唯一的难点恐怕就只有堆排序那块地方了，还有链表的插入排序的时候造成了一系列的访问权限冲突的错误，最后不得已只能使用先插入后删除的方法了。