__sync_bool_compare_and_swap

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int sum = 0;

void* adder(void *p)
{
    for(int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)  // 百万次
    {
        sum++;
    }

    return NULL;
}

int main()
{
    pthread_t threads[10];

    for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, adder, NULL);
    }

    for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        pthread_join(threads[i],NULL);
    }

    printf("sum is %d\n", sum);
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int sum = 0;
pthread_mutex_t mutex;

void* adder(void *p)
{
    for(int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)  // 百万次
    {
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
        sum++;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
    }

    return NULL;
}

int main()
{
    pthread_t threads[10];
    pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL);

    for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, adder, NULL);
    }

    for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        pthread_join(threads[i],NULL);
    }

    printf("sum is %d\n", sum);
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int sum = 0;

void* adder(void *p)
{
    int old = sum;
    for(int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)  // 百万次
    {
        while(!__sync_bool_compare_and_swap(&sum, old, old + 1))  // 如果old等于sum, 就把old+1写入sum
        {
           old = sum; // 更新old
        }
    }

    return NULL;
}

int main()
{
    pthread_t threads[10];
    for(int i = 0;i < 10; i++)
    {
        pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, adder, NULL);
    }

    for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);
    }

    printf("sum is %d\n",sum);
}

#real是wall clock
#user是多线程用户态时间
#ys是多线程内核态时间

#用互斥
sjc-ads-1999:~ > time ./a.out
sum is 10000000

real    0m1.019s
user    0m1.528s
sys     0m7.015s

#用原子操作
sjc-ads-1999:~ > time ./a.out
sum is 10000000

real    0m0.446s
user    0m3.814s
sys     0m0.002s

理解CAS与__sync_bool_compare_and_swap

IBM Documentation
unix - What do 'real', 'user' and 'sys' mean in the output of time(1)? - Stack Overflow