Linux创建 LVM 分区

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-17 16:41:20 发布

xu_w_s

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-17 16:41:20 发布

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文章标签： linux 运维服务器

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xu_wensheng/article/details/133075152

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一、介绍

逻辑卷管理(Logical Volume Management)”，它是专门为服务器管理 Linux 系统上的磁盘或存储的推荐方式。 LVM 分区的主要优点之一是我们可以实时扩展其大小而无需停机。 LVM 分区也可以缩小，但不推荐。

物理磁盘是不能直接使用逻辑卷的，需要把物理磁盘转为pv，在创建卷组vg，最后才划为lv，流程就是 pv→vg→lv。

/dev/sd*是硬盘
pv是物理卷
vg是卷组
lv是逻辑卷

二、创建

#目标将sdb挂载到/data
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
                       18G  766M   16G   5% /
tmpfs                 931M     0  931M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   28M  425M   7% /boot
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME                        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0                          11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
sda                           8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─sda1                        8:1    0  500M  0 part /boot
└─sda2                        8:2    0 19.5G  0 part 
  ├─VolGroup-lv_root (dm-0) 253:0    0 17.5G  0 lvm  /
  └─VolGroup-lv_swap (dm-1) 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sdb                           8:16   0   10G  0 disk 

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): p		#查看当前分区

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x071461c8

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n		#创建分区
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p		#主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1		#number 1
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1): 		#默认
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1305, default 1305): 	#默认
Using default value 1305

Command (m for help): p		#查看当前分区

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x071461c8

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1        1305    10482381   83  Linux
Command (m for help): t		#更改分区类类型
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): L		#查看分区代码

 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris        
 1  FAT12           39  Plan 9          82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 2  XENIX root      3c  PartitionMagic  83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 3  XENIX usr       40  Venix 80286     84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 4  FAT16 <32M      41  PPC PReP Boot   85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx         
 5  Extended        42  SFS             86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data    
 6  FAT16           4d  QNX4.x          87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
 7  HPFS/NTFS       4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility   
 8  AIX             4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt         
 9  AIX bootable    50  OnTrack DM      93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access     
 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O        
 b  W95 FAT32       52  CP/M            9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor      
 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs        
 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT            
 f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55  EZ-Drive        a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
10  OPUS            56  Golden Bow      a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
11  Hidden FAT12    5c  Priam Edisk     a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor      
12  Compaq diagnost 61  SpeedStor       a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor      
14  Hidden FAT16 <3 63  GNU HURD or Sys ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary  
16  Hidden FAT16    64  Novell Netware  af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS    
17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 65  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE 
18  AST SmartSleep  70  DiskSecure Mult b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep        
1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 80  Old Minix       be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT            
1e  Hidden W95 FAT1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e		#8e lvm
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)


Command (m for help): w		#保存
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l 
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1        1305    10482381   8e  Linux LVM

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1		#创建物理卷
 Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
 
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay  #查看物理卷
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               VolGroup
  PV Size               19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4994
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          4994
  PV UUID               Rh7gjj-UfCk-mq2l-9Qqj-wzQs-azKb-lpK20I
   
  "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               10.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               nLB6mP-OceM-9XCV-aIRH-ZIWX-f0oV-zVwdwO
  
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vg_data /dev/sdb1		#创建虚拟卷组
  Volume group "vg_data" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -l 100%free -n lv_data vg_data 	#创建虚拟卷
  Logical volume "lv_data" created.
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_data/lv_data		#格式化

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data    #创建挂载点
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/fstab  #配置为开机自动挂载
/dev/vg_data/lv_data /data ext4 defaults 0 0

[root@localhost ~]# mount -a       #将/etc/fstab的所有内容重新加载
[root@localhost ~]# df -h					 #查看挂载结果
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
                       18G  766M   16G   5% /
tmpfs                 931M     0  931M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   28M  425M   7% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data
                      9.8G   23M  9.2G   1% /data

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Linux创建 LVM 分区

逻辑卷管理(Logical Volume Management)”，它是专门为服务器管理 Linux 系统上的磁盘或存储的推荐方式。LVM 分区的主要优点之一是我们可以实时扩展其大小而无需停机。LVM 分区也可以缩小，但不推荐。物理磁盘是不能直接使用逻辑卷的，需要把物理磁盘转为pv，在创建卷组vg，最后才划为lv，流程就是pv→vg→lv。/dev/sd*是硬盘pv是物理卷vg是卷组lv是逻辑卷。
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