一、介绍
逻辑卷管理(Logical Volume Management)”,它是专门为服务器管理 Linux 系统上的磁盘或存储的推荐方式。 LVM 分区的主要优点之一是我们可以实时扩展其大小而无需停机。 LVM 分区也可以缩小,但不推荐。
物理磁盘是不能直接使用逻辑卷的,需要把物理磁盘转为pv,在创建卷组vg,最后才划为lv, 流程就是 pv→vg→lv
。
- /dev/sd*是硬盘
- pv是物理卷
- vg是卷组
- lv是逻辑卷
二、创建
#目标将sdb挂载到/data
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
18G 766M 16G 5% /
tmpfs 931M 0 931M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 477M 28M 425M 7% /boot
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part
├─VolGroup-lv_root (dm-0) 253:0 0 17.5G 0 lvm /
└─VolGroup-lv_swap (dm-1) 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): p #查看当前分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x071461c8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n #创建分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p #主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1 #number 1
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1): #默认
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1305, default 1305): #默认
Using default value 1305
Command (m for help): p #查看当前分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x071461c8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t #更改分区类类型
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): L #查看分区代码
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e #8e lvm
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): w #保存
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1305 10482381 8e Linux LVM
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 #创建物理卷
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay #查看物理卷
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name VolGroup
PV Size 19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4994
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 4994
PV UUID Rh7gjj-UfCk-mq2l-9Qqj-wzQs-azKb-lpK20I
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size 10.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID nLB6mP-OceM-9XCV-aIRH-ZIWX-f0oV-zVwdwO
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vg_data /dev/sdb1 #创建虚拟卷组
Volume group "vg_data" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -l 100%free -n lv_data vg_data #创建虚拟卷
Logical volume "lv_data" created.
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_data/lv_data #格式化
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data #创建挂载点
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/fstab #配置为开机自动挂载
/dev/vg_data/lv_data /data ext4 defaults 0 0
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a #将/etc/fstab的所有内容重新加载
[root@localhost ~]# df -h #查看挂载结果
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
18G 766M 16G 5% /
tmpfs 931M 0 931M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 477M 28M 425M 7% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data
9.8G 23M 9.2G 1% /data