strcat(连接两字符串) 相关函数 bcopy,memccpy,memcpy,strcpy,strncpy
表头文件 #include <string.h>
定义函数 char *strcat (char *dest,const char *src);
函数说明 strcat()会将参数src字符串拷贝到参数dest所指的字符串尾。第一个参数dest要有足够的空间来容纳要拷贝的字符串。
返回值 返回参数dest的字符串起始地址
范例
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执行 before strcat () : string(1)
after strcat () : string(1)string(2)
strchr(查找字符串中第一个出现的指定字符) 相关函数 index,memchr,rinex,strbrk,strsep,strspn,strstr,strtok
表头文件 #include<string.h>
定义函数 char * strchr (const char *s,int c);
函数说明 strchr()用来找出参数s字符串中第一个出现的参数c地址,然后将该字符出现的地址返回。
返回值 如果找到指定的字符则返回该字符所在地址,否则返回0。
范例
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执行 5.68E+25
strcmp(比较字符串) 相关函数 bcmp,memcmp,strcasecmp,strncasecmp,strcoll
表头文件 #include<string.h>
定义函数 int strcmp(const char *s1,const char *s2);
函数说明 strcmp()用来比较参数s1和s2字符串。字符串大小的比较是以ASCII 码表上的顺序来决定,此顺序亦为字符的值。strcmp()首先将s1第一个字符值减去s2第一个字符值,若差值为0则再继续比较下个字符,若差值不为0则将差值返回。例如字符串"Ac"和"ba"比较则会返回字符"A"(65)和'b'(98)的差值(-33)。
返回值 若参数s1和s2字符串相同则返回0。s1若大于s2则返回大于0的值。s1若小于s2则返回小于0 的值。
范例
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执行 strcmp(a,b) : 32
strcmp(a,c) :-31
strcmp(a,d) : 0
strcpy(拷贝字符串) 相关函数 bcopy,memcpy,memccpy,memmove
表头文件 #include<string.h>
定义函数 char *strcpy(char *dest,const char *src);
函数说明 strcpy()会将参数src字符串拷贝至参数dest所指的地址。
返回值 返回参数dest的字符串起始地址。
附加说明 如果参数dest所指的内存空间不够大,可能会造成缓冲溢出(buffer Overflow)的错误情况,在编写程序时请特别留意,或者用strncpy()来取代。
范例
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执行 before strcpy() :string(1)
after strcpy() :string(2)
strcspn(返回字符串中连续不含指定字符串内容的字符数) 相关函数 strspn
表头文件 #inclued<string.h>
定义函数 size_t strcspn ( const char *s,const char * reject);
函数说明 strcspn()从参数s字符串的开头计算连续的字符,而这些字符都完全不在参数reject 所指的字符串中。简单地说,若strcspn()返回的数值为n,则代表字符串s开头连续有n个字符都不含字符串reject内的字符。
返回值 返回字符串s开头连续不含字符串reject内的字符数目。
范例
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执行 5 /*只计算到“ ”的出现,所以返回“Linux”的长度*/
33 /*计算到出现“/”或“-”,所以返回到“6”的长度*/
30 /* 计算到出现数字字符为止,所以返回“3”出现前的长度*/
strdup(复制字符串) 相关函数 calloc,malloc,realloc,free
表头文件 #include<string.h>
定义函数 char * strdup( const char *s);
函数说明 strdup()会先用maolloc()配置与参数s字符串相同的空间大小,然后将参数s字符串的内容复制到该内存地址,然后把该地址返回。该地址最后可以利用free()来释放。
返回值 返回一字符串指针,该指针指向复制后的新字符串地址。若返回NULL表示内存不足。
范例
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执行 b[ ]="strdup"
strlen(返回字符串长度) 相关函数 表头文件 #include<string.h>
定义函数 size_t strlen (const char *s);
函数说明 strlen()用来计算指定的字符串s的长度,不包括结束字符"/0"。
返回值 返回字符串s的字符数。
范例 /*取得字符串str的长度*/
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执行 str length = 8
strncasecmp(忽略大小写比较字符串) 相关函数 bcmp,memcmp,strcmp,strcoll,strncmp
表头文件 #include<string.h>
定义函数 int strncasecmp(const char *s1,const char *s2,size_t n);
函数说明 strncasecmp()用来比较参数s1和s2字符串前n个字符,比较时会自动忽略大小写的差异。
返回值 若参数s1和s2 字符串相同则返回0。s1 若大于s2则返回大于0的值,s1若小于s2则返回小于0 的值。
范例
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执行 aBcDef=AbCdEf
strncat(连接两字符串) 相关函数 bcopy,memccpy,memecpy,strcpy,strncpy
表头文件 #inclue <string.h>
定义函数 char * strncat(char *dest,const char *src,size_t n);
函数说明 strncat()会将参数src字符串拷贝n个字符到参数dest所指的字符串尾。第一个参数dest要有足够的空间来容纳要拷贝的字符串。
返回值 返回参数dest的字符串起始地址。
范例
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执行 before strnact() : string(1)
after strncat() : string(1) string
strncpy(拷贝字符串) 相关函数 bcopy,memccpy,memcpy,memmove
表头文件 #include<string.h>
定义函数 char * strncpy(char *dest,const char *src,size_t n);
函数说明 strncpy()会将参数src字符串拷贝前n个字符至参数dest所指的地址。
返回值 返回参数dest的字符串起始地址。
范例
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执行 before strncpy() : string(1)
after strncpy() : string(1)
strrchr(查找字符串中最后出现的指定字符) 相关函数 index,memchr,rindex,strpbrk,strsep,strspn,strstr,strtok
表头文件 #include<string.h>
定义函数 char * strrchr(const char *s, int c);
函数说明 strrchr()用来找出参数s字符串中最后一个出现的参数c地址,然后将该字符出现的地址返回。
返回值 如果找到指定的字符则返回该字符所在地址,否则返回0。
范例
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执行 567890
strspn(返回字符串中连续不含指定字符串内容的字符数) 相关函数 strcspn,strchr,strpbrk,strsep,strstr
表头文件 #include<string.h>
定义函数 size_t strspn (const char *s,const char * accept);
函数说明 strspn()从参数s 字符串的开头计算连续的字符,而这些字符都完全是accept 所指字符串中的字符。简单的说,若strspn()返回的数值为n,则代表字符串s 开头连续有n 个字符都是属于字符串accept内的字符。
返回值 返回字符串s开头连续包含字符串accept内的字符数目。
范例
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执行 5 /*计算大小写字母。不包含“ ”,所以返回Linux的长度。*/
strstr(在一字符串中查找指定的字符串) 相关函数 index,memchr,rindex,strchr,strpbrk,strsep,strspn,strtok
表头文件 #include<string.h>
定义函数 char *strstr(const char *haystack,const char *needle);
函数说明 strstr()会从字符串haystack 中搜寻字符串needle,并将第一次出现的地址返回。
返回值 返回指定字符串第一次出现的地址,否则返回0。
范例
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执行 9.01E+21
strtok(分割字符串) 相关函数 index,memchr,rindex,strpbrk,strsep,strspn,strstr
表头文件 #include<string.h>
定义函数 char * strtok(char *s,const char *delim);
函数说明 strtok()用来将字符串分割成一个个片段。参数s指向欲分割的字符串,参数delim则为分割字符串,当strtok()在参数s的字符串中发现到参数delim的分割字符时则会将该字符改为/0 字符。在第一次调用时,strtok()必需给予参数s字符串,往后的调用则将参数s设置成NULL。每次调用成功则返回下一个分割后的字符串指针。
返回值 返回下一个分割后的字符串指针,如果已无从分割则返回NULL。
范例
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执行 ab cd ef;gh i jkl;mnop;qrs tu vwx y;z /*-与:字符已经被/0 字符取代*/