使用子表达式

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-31 10:00:03 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-05-31 10:00:03 发布

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(1)Subexpressions are enclosed between ( and ) characters.

To demonstrate the use of subexpressions, let's revisit the previous example:

Text

Hello, my name is Ben&nbsp;Forta, and I am

the author of books on SQL, ColdFusion, WAP,

Windows&nbsp;&nbsp;2000, and other subjects.

RegEx

(&nbsp;){2,}

Result

Hello, my name is Ben&nbsp;Forta, and I am

the author of books on SQL, ColdFusion, WAP,

Windows&nbsp;&nbsp;

2000, and other subjects.

(2)子表达式分组

Capture groups are numbered, starting at 1, and moving from left to right, by counting the number of open parentheses it takes to reach them. The special group number 0 always refers to the entire expression match. For example, consider the following string:
    one ((two) (three (four)))

This string creates the following matches:
    Group 0: one two three four
    Group 1: two three four
    Group 2: two
    Group 3: three four
    Group 4: four
 
 
(3)子表达式是可以嵌套使用的,例如：
 Text
Pinging hog.forta.com [12.159.46.200]

with 32 bytes of data:

RegEx
(((/d{1,2})|(1/d{2})|(2[0-4]/d)|(25[0-5]))/.){3}((/d{1,2})|(1/d{2})|(2[0-4]/d)|(25[0-5]))

Result
 
Pinging hog.forta.com [12.159.46.200

]

with 32 bytes of data:
 
Analysis
 ： The pattern obviously worked, but it does require explanation. What makes this pattern work is a series of nested subexpressions. 
We'll start with (((/d{1,2})|(1/d{2})|(2[0-4]/d)|(25[0-5]))/.)
, a set of four nested subexpressions. (/d{1,2})
 matches any one- or two-digit 
number or numbers 0
 through 99
. (1/d{2})
 matches any three-digit number starting with 1
 (1
 followed by any two digits), or numbers 100
 through 199
. 
(2[0-4]/d)
 matches numbers 200
 through 249
. (25[0-5])
 matches numbers 250
 through 255
. Each of these subexpressions is enclosed 
within another subexpression with an |
 between each (so that one of the four subexpressions has to match, not all). 
After the range of numbers comes /.
 to match .
, and then the entire series (all the number options plus /.
) 
is enclosed into yet another subexpression and repeated three times using {3}
. 
Finally, the range of numbers is repeated (this time without the trailing /.
) to match the final IP address number.
 By restricting each of the four numbers to values between 0
 and 255
, this pattern can indeed match valid IP addresses and
 reject invalid addresses.