http://blog.csdn.net/found2008/article/details/3583825
RMAN可以在没有恢复目录（NOCATALOG）下运行，这个时候备份信息保存在控制文件中。
保存在控制文件中的备份信息是很危险的，如果控制文件的破坏将导致备份信息的丢失与恢复目录的失败，
而且，没有恢复目录，很多RMAN的命令将不被支持。所以对于重要的数据库，建议创建恢复目录，
恢复目录也是一个数据库，只不过这个数据库用来保存备份信息，一个恢复目录可以用来备份多个数据库。
创建RMAN目录，一下步骤说明了在一个数据库中创建RMAN目录的过程
1.连接数据库
SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。
Total System Global Area 135338868 bytes
Fixed Size 453492 bytes
Variable Size 109051904 bytes
Database Buffers 25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
数据库已经打开。
SQL> show user;
USER 为"SYS"
SQL> create tablespace rman_ts datafile 'e:/oracle/oradata/test/gejun/rman_ts.db
f' size 10M;
表空间已创建。
SQL> create user rman_ts identified by rman_ts default tablespace rman_ts tempor
ary tablespace temp quota unlimited on rman_ts;
用户已创建
SQL> grant connect,resource,recovery_catalog_owner to rman_ts;
授权成功。
2.在目录数据库中创建恢复目录
C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator>rman catalog rman_ts/rman_ts
恢复管理器: 版本9.2.0.1.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
连接到恢复目录数据库
未安装恢复目录
RMAN> create catalog tablespace rman_ts;
恢复目录已创建
3.登记目标数据库：
说明：一个恢复目录可以注册多个目标数据库，注册目标数据库的命令为：
C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator>rman catalog rman_ts/rman_ts target scot
t/tiger@test
恢复管理器: 版本9.2.0.1.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
连接到目标数据库: TEST (DBID=1961217676)
连接到恢复目录数据库
RMAN> register database;
4.Verify that the registration was successful by running REPORT SCHEMA:
C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator>rman target / catalog rman_ts/rman_ts@test
恢复管理器: 版本9.2.0.1.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
连接到目标数据库: TEST (DBID=1961217676)
连接到恢复目录数据库
RMAN> report schema;
数据库方案报表
文件 KB 表空间 RB segs 数据文件名称
---- ---------- -------------------- ------- -------------------
1 419840 SYSTEM YES E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/SYSTEM01.DBF
2 204800 UNDOTBS1 YES E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/UNDOTBS01.DBF
3 20480 CWMLITE NO E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/CWMLITE01.DBF
4 20480 DRSYS NO E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/DRSYS01.DBF
5 152960 EXAMPLE NO E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/EXAMPLE01.DBF
6 25600 INDX NO E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/INDX01.DBF
7 20480 ODM NO E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ODM01.DBF
8 10240 TOOLS NO E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/TOOLS01.DBF
9 25600 USERS NO E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/USERS01.DBF
10 39040 XDB NO E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/XDB01.DBF
11 10240 RMAN_TS NO E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/GEJUN/RMAN_TS.DBF
If you have datafile copies, backup pieces or archive logs on disk, you can catalog them in the recovery catalog using
the CATALOG command. When using a recovery catalog, cataloging older backups
that have aged out of the control file lets RMAN use the older backups during restore operations.
For example:(通过下面语句进行恢复)
RMAN> CATALOG DATAFILECOPY '/disk1/old_datafiles/01_01_2003/users01.dbf';
RMAN> CATALOG ARCHIVELOG '/disk1/arch_logs/archive1_731.dbf',
'/disk1/arch_logs/archive1_732.dbf';
RMAN> CATALOG BACKUPPIECE '/disk1/backups/backup_820.bkp';
You can also catalog multiple backup files in a directory at once,
using the CATALOG START WITH command, as shown in this example:
RMAN> CATALOG START WITH '/disk1/backups/';
RMAN> CATALOG START WITH '/disk1/backups';
5.注销数据库
DELETE BACKUP DEVICE TYPE sbt;
DELETE BACKUP DEVICE TYPE DISK;
DELETE COPY;
UNREGISTER DATABASE;
6.To reset the recovery catalog to an older incarnation
a.Determine the incarnation key of the desired database incarnation.
Obtain the incarnation key value by issuing a LIST command:
RMAN>LIST INCARNATION OF DATABASE trgt;
List of Database Incarnations
DB Key Inc Key DB Name DB ID STATUS Reset SCN Reset Time
------- ------- ------- ------ ------- ---------- ----------
1 2 TRGT 1224038686 PARENT 1 02-JUL-02
1 582 TRGT 1224038686 CURRENT 59727 10-JUL-02
The incarnation key is listed in the "Inc Key" column.
b.Reset the database to the old incarnation. For example, enter:
RMAN>RESET DATABASE TO INCARNATION 2;
c.If the control file of the previous incarnation is available and mounted,
then skip to step 6 of this procedure. Otherwise,
shut down the database and start it without mounting. For example:
RMAN>SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
RMAN>STARTUP NOMOUNT
d.Restore a control file from the old incarnation.
If you have a control file tagged, then specify the tag.
Otherwise, you can run the SET UNTIL command, as in this example:
RMAN>RUN
{
SET UNTIL 'SYSDATE-45';
RESTORE CONTROLFILE; # only if current control file is not available
}
e.Mount the restored control file:
RMAN>ALTER DATABASE MOUNT;
f.Run RESTORE and RECOVER commands to restore and recover
the database files from the prior incarnation, then open the
database with the RESETLOGS option. For example, enter:
RMAN>RESTORE DATABASE;
RMAN>RECOVER DATABASE;
RMAN>ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;
7.Working with RMAN Stored Scripts in the Recovery Catalog
a.Creating Stored Scripts: CREATE SCRIPT
RMAN> create script full_backup
2> {
3> backup database plus archivelog;
4> delete obsolete;
5> }
已创建脚本 full_backup
b.global CREATE SCRIPT
Examine the output. If no errors are displayed,
then the script was successfully created and stored in the recovery catalog.
For a global script, the syntax is similar:
RMAN>CREATE GLOBAL SCRIPT global_full_backup
>{
> BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
>DELETE OBSOLETE;
>}
You can also provide a COMMENT with descriptive information:
RMAN>CREATE GLOBAL SCRIPT global_full_backup
>COMMENT 'use only with ARCHIVELOG mode databases'
>{
> BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
>DELETE OBSOLETE;
>}
Print script:
RMAN> print script full_backup;
正在打印存储的脚本: full_backup
{
backup database plus archivelog;
delete obsolete;
}
Replace script:
RMAN>REPLACE SCRIPT full_backup
{
BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
}
Delete script:
RMAN> delete script 'full_backup';
已删除脚本: full_backup
c.execute
RUN { EXECUTE GLOBAL SCRIPT global_full_backup; }
RUN { EXECUTE SCRIPT global_full_backup; }
下面操作是本人本机:
RMAN> run
2> {
3> execute script full_backup;
4> }
＃说明：下面是我自己电脑的测试，但之前做了其他测试才引起，并不影响这次测试
正在执行脚本: full_backup
启动 backup 于 22-12月-08
源文件中出现错误: krmk.pc，行: 7519
SQL 语句失败的文本: alter system archive log current
来自目标数据库的 ORACLE 错误:
ORA-16038: 日志 2 序列号 5 无法归档
ORA-19504: 无法创建文件""
ORA-00312: 联机日志 2 线程 1: 'E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/REDO02.LOG'
分配的通道: ORA_DISK_1
通道 ORA_DISK_1: sid=14 devtype=DISK
说明与恢复目录中的任何存档日志均不匹配
完成 backup 于 22-12月-08
启动 backup 于 22-12月-08
使用通道 ORA_DISK_1
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在启动 full 数据文件备份集
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在指定备份集中的数据文件
输入数据文件 fno=00001 name=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/SYSTEM01.DBF
输入数据文件 fno=00002 name=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/UNDOTBS01.DBF
输入数据文件 fno=00005 name=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/EXAMPLE01.DBF
输入数据文件 fno=00010 name=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/XDB01.DBF
输入数据文件 fno=00006 name=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/INDX01.DBF
输入数据文件 fno=00009 name=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/USERS01.DBF
输入数据文件 fno=00003 name=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/CWMLITE01.DBF
输入数据文件 fno=00004 name=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/DRSYS01.DBF
输入数据文件 fno=00007 name=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ODM01.DBF
输入数据文件 fno=00008 name=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/TOOLS01.DBF
输入数据文件 fno=00011 name=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/GEJUN/RMAN_TS.DBF
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在启动段 1 于 22-12月-08
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 已完成段 1 于 22-12月-08
段 handle=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/RMAN1/0NK2T6L6_1_1 comment=NONE
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 备份集已完成, 经过时间:00:00:55
完成 backup 于 22-12月-08
启动 backup 于 22-12月-08
源文件中出现错误: krmk.pc，行: 7519
SQL 语句失败的文本: alter system archive log current
来自目标数据库的 ORACLE 错误:
ORA-16014: 日志 2 的序列号 5 未归档，没有可用的目的地
ORA-00312: 联机日志 2 线程 1: 'E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/REDO02.LOG'
使用通道 ORA_DISK_1
说明与恢复目录中的任何存档日志均不匹配
完成 backup 于 22-12月-08
启动 Control File and SPFILE Autobackup 于 22-12月-08
段 handle=E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-20081222-02 comment=NONE
完成 Control File and SPFILE Autobackup 于 22-12月-08
RMAN 保留策略将应用于该命令
将 RMAN 保留策略设置为冗余 5
使用通道 ORA_DISK_1
删除以下已废弃的备份和副本:
类型 关键字 完成时间 文件名/句柄
-------------------- ------ ------------------ --------------------
备份集 26 01-12月-08
备份段 45 01-12月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-200
81201-00
备份集 27 02-12月-08
备份段 46 02-12月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-200
81202-00
备份集 28 02-12月-08
备份段 47 02-12月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/RMAN1/05K18O2K_1_1
备份集 29 02-12月-08
备份段 48 02-12月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-200
81202-01
备份集 30 04-12月-08
备份段 49 04-12月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/RMAN1/07K1E550_1_1
备份集 31 04-12月-08
备份段 50 04-12月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-200
81204-00
备份集 32 08-12月-08
备份段 51 08-12月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/RMAN1/09K1O0LO_1_1
备份集 33 08-12月-08
备份段 52 08-12月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-200
81208-00
备份集 34 08-12月-08
备份段 53 08-12月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/RMAN1/0BK1O0ON_1_1
备份集 35 08-12月-08
备份段 54 08-12月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-200
81208-01
备份集 36 10-12月-08
备份段 55 10-12月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-200
81210-00
备份集 37 15-12月-08
备份段 56 15-12月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-200
81215-00
备份集 38 16-12月-08
备份段 57 16-12月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-200
81216-00
备份集 39 19-12月-08
备份段 58 19-12月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-200
81219-00
是否确定要删除以上对象 (输入 YES 或 NO)? yes
已删除备份段
备份段 handle=E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-20081201-00 recid=2 stamp=67
2337701
已删除备份段
备份段 handle=E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-20081202-00 recid=3 stamp=67
2420262
已删除备份段
备份段 handle=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/RMAN1/05K18O2K_1_1 recid=4 stamp=672424020
已删除备份段
备份段 handle=E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-20081202-01 recid=5 stamp=67
2424075
已删除备份段
备份段 handle=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/RMAN1/07K1E550_1_1 recid=6 stamp=672601248
已删除备份段
备份段 handle=E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-20081204-00 recid=7 stamp=67
2601304
已删除备份段
备份段 handle=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/RMAN1/09K1O0LO_1_1 recid=8 stamp=672924344
已删除备份段
备份段 handle=E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-20081208-00 recid=9 stamp=67
2924399
已删除备份段
备份段 handle=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/RMAN1/0BK1O0ON_1_1 recid=10 stamp=672924439
已删除备份段
备份段 handle=E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-20081208-01 recid=11 stamp=6
72924495
已删除备份段
备份段 handle=E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-20081210-00 recid=12 stamp=6
73102004
已删除备份段
备份段 handle=E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-20081215-00 recid=13 stamp=6
73528592
已删除备份段
备份段 handle=E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-20081216-00 recid=14 stamp=6
73609992
已删除备份段
备份段 handle=E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-20081219-00 recid=15 stamp=6
73883336
14 对象已删除
7.Determining the Schema Version of the Recovery Catalog
SQL> conn rman_ts/rman_ts@test;
已连接。
SQL> select * from rcver;
VERSION
------------
09.02.00
8.Upgrading the Recovery Catalog
a.To install the new recovery catalog schema, the recovery catalog user must have TYPE privilege:
sqlplus> connect sys/oracle@catdb as sysdba;
sqlplus> grant TYPE to rman;
b.Use RMAN to connect to the target and recovery catalog databases. For example, enter:
% rman TARGET / CATALOG rman/cat@catdb
c.connected to recovery catalog database
PL/SQL package rcat.DBMS_RCVCAT version 08.00.04 in RCVCAT database is too old
Issue the UPGRADE CATALOG command:
RMAN>UPGRADE CATALOG;
d.recovery catalog owner is rman
enter UPGRADE CATALOG command again to confirm catalog upgrade
Enter the UPDATE CATALOG command again to confirm:
RMAN>UPGRADE CATALOG;
recovery catalog upgraded to version 09.02.00
DBMS_RCVMAN package upgraded to version 09.02.00
DBMS_RCVCAT package upgraded to version 09.02.00
9.Dropping the Recovery Catalog
%rman target / catalog rman_ts/rman_ts@test
RMAN>drop catalog;
注册在恢复目录中的数据库
正在启动全部恢复目录的 resync
完成全部 resync
rman help：
参数 值 说明
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
target 加引号的字符串 目标数据库连接字符串
目录 加引号的字符串 恢复目录的连接字符串
nocatalog 无 如果已指定, 则没有恢复目录
cmdfile 加引号的字符串 输入命令文件的名称
log 加引号的字符串 输出消息日志文件的名称
跟踪 加引号的字符串 输出调试信息日志文件的名称
append 无 如果已指定, 日志将以附加模式打开
debug 可选参数 激活调试
msgno 无 对全部消息显示 RMAN-nnnn 前缀
send 加引号的字符串 将命令发送到介质管理器
pipe 字符串 管道名称的构建块
timeout 整数 等待管道输入的秒数
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
单引号和双引号（“或/”）均可用于加引号的字符串。
除非字符串中有空格，否则不用引号。
4.全备份
rman rcvcat rman_hainan/rman_hainan@rman target / cmdfile /export/home/oracle/backup_level0.rcv
log /export/home/oracle/backup.log $more backup_level0.rcv resync catalog;
run {
allocate channel t1 type disk;
backup
incremental level 0
skip inAccessible
tag hot_db_bk_level0
filesperset 3
format '/export/home/oracle/bk_%s_%p_%t.bk'
(database);
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup
filesperset 10
format '/export/home/oracle/a1_%s_%p_%t.ac'
(archivelog all delete input);
backup format '/export/home/oracle/df_t%t_s%s_p%p.ct' current controlfile ;
}
5.增备份
rman rcvcat rman_hainan/rman_hainan@rman target / cmdfile backup_level1.rcv
log backup.log $more backup_level1.rcv resync catalog;
run {
allocate channel t1 type disk;
backup
incremental level 1
skip inaccessible
tag hot_db_bk_level1
filesperset 3
format 'bk_%s_%p_%t.bk1'
(database);
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup
filesperset 10
format 'a1_%s_%p_%t.ac1'
(archivelog all delete input);
backup current controlfile;
}
x.删除旧的全备
RMAN> list backupset;
备份集列表
===================
BS 关键字 类型 LV 大小 设备类型 经过时间 完成时间
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ----------
25 Full 507M DISK 00:00:47 28-11月-08
BP 关键字: 44 状态: AVAILABLE 标记:TAG20081128T161820
段名:E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/01K0RHMC_1_1
包含的 SPFILE: 修改时间: 27-11月-08
备份集 25 中的数据文件列表
文件 LV 类型 Ckp SCN Ckp 时间 名称
---- -- ---- ---------- ---------- ----
1 Full 11466766 28-11月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/SYSTEM01.DBF
2 Full 11466766 28-11月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/UNDOTBS01.DBF
3 Full 11466766 28-11月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/CWMLITE01.DBF
4 Full 11466766 28-11月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/DRSYS01.DBF
5 Full 11466766 28-11月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/EXAMPLE01.DBF
6 Full 11466766 28-11月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/INDX01.DBF
7 Full 11466766 28-11月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ODM01.DBF
8 Full 11466766 28-11月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/TOOLS01.DBF
9 Full 11466766 28-11月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/USERS01.DBF
10 Full 11466766 28-11月-08 E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/XDB01.DBF
BS 关键字 类型 LV 大小 设备类型 经过时间 完成时间
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ----------
27 Full 1M DISK 00:00:00 02-12月-08
BP 关键字: 46 状态: AVAILABLE 标记:
段名:E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-1961217676-20081202-00
包含的 SPFILE: 修改时间: 02-12月-08
根据key(关键字)来删除旧的备份
RMAN> allocate channel for maintenance type disk;
RMAN> change backupset 169 delete; ----------THIS IS THE COMMAND TO REMOVE THE ENTRY & OS FILE 做完后可以看到list backupset和操作系统的文件都没有了
###版权-----found2008 ------邮箱:hiho1128@126.com
扫一扫
3488
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
