最近在学Python

一开始都是傻傻的记在本子上，上完好几节课后，发现不对，咋这么原始呢，后来就跟着老师边听边自己在电脑上打起了代码，边打边运行记录结果，以后回忆时拿这个代码来回忆直接机器上运行看效果会更好。好吧，醒悟得太晚，下面将部分学习笔记粘贴至此。

li = list(range(10))
print(li)

#切片 [start:end,steps]
print(li[2:5])  # [2, 3, 4]
print(li[:4])   # [0, 1, 2, 3]
print(li[5:])   # [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
print(li[0:10:3]) # [0, 3, 6, 9]

#负值怎么处理
print(li[5:-2])         #[5, 6, 7]
print(li[9:0:-1])       #[9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]
print(li[9::-1])        #[9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]
print(li[::-2])         #[9, 7, 5, 3, 1]

#切片生成一个新的对象
print(li)     #还是保持原样

#对数组快速反转
str_new = li[::-1]
print(str_new)

#字符串以单词为单位翻转
def reverse(str_list,start,end):
    while start < end:
        str_list[start],str_list[end] = str_list[end], str_list[start]
        start += 1
        end -= 1

setence = ' Hello, how are you?    Fine!'
str_list = list(setence)
i = 0
while i< len(str_list):
    if str_list[i] != ' ':
        start = i
        end = start + 1
        while(end < len(str_list)) and str_list[end] != ' ':
            end += 1
        reverse(str_list,start,end-1)
        i = end
    else:
        i += 1
print(str_list)
str_list.reverse()
print(' '.join(str_list))
print(type(' '.join(str_list)))

li = []
for i in range(10):
    li.append(i)
print(li)
#[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

li = [1]*10
print(li)
#[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]

li = [i*2 for i in range(10)]
print(li)
#[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18]

'''
li_2d = [[0] * 3] * 3
print(li_2d)
#[[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]  

li_2d[0][0] = 100
print(li_2d)
#[[100, 0, 0], [100, 0, 0], [100, 0, 0]]
'''

li_2d = [[0] * 3 for i in range(3)]
li_2d[0][0] = 100
print(li_2d)
#[[100, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]

s = {x for x in range(10) if x % 2 == 0}
print(s)
#{0, 2, 4, 6, 8}   生成集合

d = {x: x%2 == 0 for x in range(10) }
print(d)
#{0: True, 1: False, 2: True, 3: False, 4: True, 5: False, 6: True, 7: False, 8: True, 9: False}

'''
迭代器学习
可以直接作用于for循环的对象统称为可迭代对象:iterale
可以被next()函数调用并不断返回下一个值的对象成为迭代器:Iterator
集合数据类型如list,dict,str等是Iterable 但不是Iterator,不过可以通过iter()函数获得一个Iterator对象
'''
from collections import Iterable
from collections import Iterator

print(isinstance([1,2,3],Iterable))
print(isinstance({},Iterable))
print(isinstance(123,Iterable))
print(isinstance('123',Iterable))
'''
True
True
False
True
'''

print(isinstance([1,2,3],Iterator))
#False

g = (x*x for x in range(10))
print(type(g))
#<class 'generator'>
print(isinstance(g, Iterable))
print(isinstance(g, Iterator))
#True
#True
for i in g:
    print(i)
'''
0
1
4
9
16
25
36
49
64
81
'''

def fib(limit):
    n, a, b= 0, 0, 1
    while n < limit:
        yield b
        a, b = b, a+b
        n += 1
    return 'done'

f = fib(6)
print(type(f))
print(isinstance(f,Iterable))
print(isinstance(f,Iterator))
'''
<class 'generator'>
True
True
'''