Python原生爬虫 --- 50行代码爬取某直播网站主播名和人气值

1. 爬虫前奏

明确目的，例如，爬取直播网站“某猫”英雄联盟版块主播名字和人气。找到数据对应的网页，分析网页的结构找到数据所在标签位置。

2. 具体方法

模拟HTTP请求，向服务器发送请求，获取到服务器返回给我们的HTML，用正则表达式提取需要的数据。

3. 代码示例

完整代码如下，50行代码搞定python原生爬虫。

import re #正则表达式模块
from urllib import request #通过request对象获取html页面
class Spider():
    url = 'https://www.panda.tv/cate/lol'
    root_pattern = '<div class="video-info">([\s\S]*?)</div>' #()表示只提取定位标签中间内容
    name_pattern = '</i>([\s\S]*?)</span>'
    number_pattern = '<span class="video-number">([\s\S]*?)</span>'
    def __fetch_content(self): #私有方法，获取html页面
        r = request.urlopen(Spider.url) #在实例方法里读取类变量url
        htmls = r.read() #字节码
        htmls = str(htmls,encoding = 'utf-8') #将字节码转为字符串
        print(htmls)
        return htmls
    def __analysis(self,htmls):#分析htmls文本，通过正则表达式提取html文本中的主播名和人气值
        root_html = re.findall(Spider.root_pattern,htmls)
        anchors = []
        for html in root_html:
            name = re.findall(Spider.name_pattern,html)
            number = re.findall(Spider.number_pattern,html)
            anchor = {
   'name':name,'number':number}
            anchors.append(anchor)
        print(anchors)
        return anchors
    def __refine(self,anchors): #精炼数据，剔除文本中的空格和换行符等内容，规范成易读的数据
        targets = []
        for target_list in anchors:
            name = target_list['name'][0].strip()
            number = target_list['number'][0]
            one_people = {
   'name':name,'number':number}
            targets.append(one_people)
        print(targets); 
        return targets
    def __sort(self,anchors): #对精炼后的数据按主播人气值进行排序
        anchors = sorted(anchors,key = self.__sort_seed,reverse = True)
        return anchors
    def __sort_seed(self,anchor):　#设置排序规则
        r = re.findall('\d*',anchor['number'])
        number = float(r[0])
        if  '万' in anchor['number']:
            number *= 10000
        return number
    def __show(self,anchors): #展示最终爬取的数据
        for rank in range(0,len(anchors)):
            print('rank ' + str(rank+1)
            + ':' +anchors[rank]['name'] 
            + '    ' + anchors[rank]['number'])
    def go(self): #公开方法，go方法是Spider的入口方法
        htmls = self.__fetch_content()
        anchors = self.__analysis(htmls)
        anchors = self.__refine(anchors)
        anchors = self.__sort(anchors)
        self.__show(anchors)
spider  = Spider()
spider.go()

以下是print()到控制台的数据：

• print(htmls)

data-pdt-ele="1">
        英雄联盟                                                                                          </a>
                                                 </div>
                     </div>
                   </li>
                   <li class="video-list-item video-no-tag video-no-cate "  data-pdt-block="sd1-109" data-id="26657">
                                             <a target="_blank" href="26657" class="video-list-item-wrap" data-pdt-ele="0" data-id="26657" >
                                                                     <div class="video-cover ">
                         <img class="video-img video-img-lazy" data-original="https://i.h2.pdim.gs/90/e9c7aaa62412bb248c6829b04c56a3c7/w338/h190.jpg" alt="【吸血鬼教学各种细节】">
                         <div class="video-overlay"></div>
                         <div class="video-play"></div>
                                                   <div class="lottery-icon-list">
                                                                                                       </div>
                                                 </div>
                       <div class="video-info">
                         <span class="video-title" title="【吸血鬼教学各种细节】">【吸血鬼教学各种细节】</span>
                                                   <span class="video-nickname" title="有毒i吸血鬼">
                                                                                   <i class="icon-hostlevel icon-hostlevel-11" data-level="11"></i>
                                                                                   有毒i吸血鬼        </span>
                                                   <span class="video-number">851</span>
                                                   <span class="video-station-info">
                           <i class="video-station-num">18人</i>
                                                       </span>
                                                 </div>
                     </a>
                     <div class="video-label">
                       <div class="video-label-content">
                                                     <a class="video-label-item label-color-0" href="/cate/lol"data-pdt-ele="1">
        英雄联盟                                                                                          </a>
                                                 </div>
                     </div>
                   </li>
                   <li class="video-list-item video-no-tag video-no-cate "  data-pdt-block="sd1-110" data-id="2276191">
                                             <a target="_blank" href="2276191" class="video-list-item-wrap" data-pdt-ele="0" data-id="2276191" >
                                                                     <div class="video-cover ">
                         <img class="video-img video-img-lazy" data-original="https://i.h2.pdim.gs/90/6f46def671c207a8e4750a3c2ad2d092/w338/h190.jpg" alt="求订阅，artifact还可以">
                         <div class="video-overlay"></div>
                         <div class="video-play"></div>
                                                   <div class="lottery-icon-list">
                                                                                                       </div>
                                                 </div>
                       <div class="video-info">
                         <span class="video-title" title="求订阅，artifact还可以">求订阅，artifact还可以</span>
                                                   <span class="video-nickname" title="高调的火星人">
                                                                                   <i class="icon-hostlevel icon-hostlevel-0" data-level="0"></i>
                                                                                   高调的火星人         </span>
                                                   <span class="video-number">846</span>
                                                   <span class="video-station-info">
                           <i class="video-station-num">0人</i>
                                                       </span>
                                                 </div>
                     </a>
                     <div class="video-label">
                       <div class="video-label-content">
                                                     <a class="video-label-item label-color-0" href="/cate/lol"data-pdt-ele="1">
        英雄联盟                                                                                          </a>
                                                 </div>
                     </div>
                   </li>
                   <li class="video-list-item video-no-tag video-no-cate "  data-pdt-block="sd1-111" data-id="1193989">
                                             <a target="_blank" href="1193989" class="video-list-item-wrap" data-pdt-ele="0" data-id="1193989" >
                                                                     <div class="video-cover ">
                         <img class="video-img video-img-lazy" data-original="https://i.h2.pdim.gs/90/fa49782338c10a678915ecfb07891119/w338/h190.jpg" alt="刀妹专场这个中单刀妹最无敌不接受反驳">
                         <div class="video-overlay"></div>
                         <div class="video-play"></div>
                                                   <div class="lottery-icon-list">
                                                                                                       </div>
                                                 </div>
                       <div class="video-info">
                         <span class="video-title" title="刀妹专场这个中单刀妹最无敌不接受反驳">刀妹专场这个中单刀妹最无敌不接受反驳</span>
                                                   <span class="video-nickname" title="爱唱歌的小南丶">
                                                                                   <i class="icon-hostlevel icon-hostlevel-1" data-level="1"></i>
                                                                                   爱唱歌的小南丶           </span>
                                                   <span class="video-number">825</span>
                                                   <span class="video-station-info">
                           <i class="video-station-num">3人</i>
                                                       </span>
                                                 </div>
                     </a>
                     <div class="video-label">
                       <div class="video-label-content">
                                                     <a class="video-label-item label-color-0" href="/cate/lol"data-pdt-ele="1">
        英雄联盟                                                                                          </a>
                                                 </div>
                     </div>
                   </li>
                   <li class="video-list-item video-no-tag video-no-cate "  data-pdt-block="sd1-112" data-id="796585">
                                             <a target="_blank" href="796585" class="video-list-item-wrap" data-pdt-ele="0" data-id="796585" >
                                                                     <div class="video-cover ">
                         <img class="video-img video-img-lazy" data-original="https://i.h2.pdim.gs/90/3ca5b2f3cbeb62b9a443fa73e4186d44/w338/h190.jpg" alt="青铜皇帝在线锤号！一礼炮=锤号➕房管">
                         <div class="video-overlay"></div>
                         <div class="video-play"></div>
                                                   <div class="lottery-icon-list">
                                                                                                       </div>
                                                 </div>
                       <div class="video-info">
                         <span class="video-title" title="青铜皇帝在线锤号！一礼炮=锤号➕房管">青铜皇帝在线锤号！一礼炮=锤号➕房管</span>
                                                   <span class="video-nickname" title="熊猫尼古拉斯胖虎">
                                                                                   <i class="icon-hostlevel icon-hostlevel-7" data-level="7"></i>
                                                                                   熊猫尼古拉斯胖虎             </span>
                                                   <span class="video-number">820</span>
                                                   <span class="video-station-info">
                           <i class="video-station-num">12人</i>
                                                       </span>
                                                 </div>
                     </a>
                     <div class="video-label">
                       <div class="video-label-content">
                                                     <a class="video-label-item label-color-0" href="/cate/lol"data-pdt-ele="1">
        英雄联盟                                                                                          </a>
                                                 </div>
                     </div>
                   </li