JVM学习笔记-内存溢出

在实际编程过程中，会遇到一些OutOfMemory（OOM）异常。通过模拟。我们可以直接指出这些场景的本质，从而在纷繁复杂的千万行代码中避免这样去Coding。导致OOM的情况有多种，包括Java或Native Method Stack的内存不足或者栈空间溢出、Heap内存溢出、Non-heap内存溢出、Direct Memory溢出。

1. Java Method Stack栈溢出模拟

什么时候会让Java Method Stack栈溢出？栈的基本特点就是FILO（First In Last Out）,如果in的太多而out的太少，就可能overflow了。而Java Method Statck的功能就是保存每一次函数调用时的“现场”，即为入栈，函数返回对应出栈，所以函数的调用深度越大，栈就变得越大，足够大的时候就会溢出。所以模拟Java Method Stack溢出，只要不断递归调用某一函数就可以导致溢出。

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. package com.jony.java; 
2.  
3. public class TestStackOverflow { 
4.     private int stackLength = 0; 
5.  
6.     public void stackOverFlow(){ 
7.         ++stackLength; 
8.         stackOverFlow(); 
9.     } 
10.  
11.     public static void main(String[] args){ 
12.         TestStackOverflow test = new TestStackOverflow(); 
13.         try { 
14.             test.stackOverFlow(); 
15.         } catch (Throwable e) { 
16.             System.out.println("Stack Length:" + test.stackLength); 
17.             e.printStackTrace(); 
18.         } 
19.     } 
20.  
21. } 

package com.jony.java;

public class TestStackOverflow {
    private int stackLength = 0;

    public void stackOverFlow(){
        ++stackLength;
        stackOverFlow();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args){
        TestStackOverflow test = new TestStackOverflow();
        try {
            test.stackOverFlow();
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            System.out.println("Stack Length:" + test.stackLength);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

运行结果：

Stack Length:11477
java.lang.StackOverflowError
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:7)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)

        2.  Java Method Stack内存溢出模拟-Heap内存溢出

堆是用来存储对象的，当然对象不一定都存在堆里（栈上分配、标量替换技术）。那么堆如果溢出了，一定是不能被杀掉的对象太多了。模拟Heap内存溢出，只要不断的创建对象并保存对象引用存在即可。

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. package com.jony.java; 
2.  
3. import java.util.ArrayList; 
4.  
5. public class TestHeapOverflow { 
6.  
7.     static class TestOomHeap {} 
8.  
9.     public static void main(String[] args) { 
10.         ArrayList<TestOomHeap> list = new ArrayList<TestHeapOverflow.TestOomHeap>(); 
11.  
12.         while (true) { 
13.             list.add(new TestOomHeap()); 
14.         } 
15.     } 
16.  
17. } 

package com.jony.java;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class TestHeapOverflow {

    static class TestOomHeap {}

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList<TestOomHeap> list = new ArrayList<TestHeapOverflow.TestOomHeap>();

        while (true) {
            list.add(new TestOomHeap());
        }
    }

}

运行结果：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
at com.jony.java.TestHeapOverflow.main(TestHeapOverflow.java:13)

       3.  Method Area内存溢出

Method Area内存溢出，也就是Non-heap，是用来存储Object Class Data、变量、静态常量、JIT编译后的代码。如果该区域溢出，则说明某种数据创建的实在是太多了，模拟该异常，可以不断创建新的class，知道溢出为止。下面实例中会用到asm-all-3.0.jar和cglib2.2.jar 下载

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. package com.jony.java; 
2.  
3. import java.lang.reflect.Method; 
4. import net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer; 
5. import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor; 
6. import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy; 
7.  
8. public class TestMethodAreaOverflow { 
9.  
10.     static class MethodAreaOom {} 
11.  
12.     public static void main(String[] args) { 
13.         while (true) { 
14.             Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer(); 
15.             enhancer.setSuperclass(MethodAreaOom.class); 
16.             enhancer.setUseCache(false); 
17.             enhancer.setCallback(new MethodInterceptor() { 
18.                  
19.                 @Override 
20.                 public Object intercept(Object arg0, Method arg1, Object[] arg2, 
21.                         MethodProxy proxy) throws Throwable { 
22.                     return proxy.invoke(arg0, arg2); 
23.                 } 
24.             }); 
25.             enhancer.create(); 
26.         } 
27.     } 
28.  
29. } 

package com.jony.java;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy;

public class TestMethodAreaOverflow {

    static class MethodAreaOom {}

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        while (true) {
            Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
            enhancer.setSuperclass(MethodAreaOom.class);
            enhancer.setUseCache(false);
            enhancer.setCallback(new MethodInterceptor() {
                
                @Override
                public Object intercept(Object arg0, Method arg1, Object[] arg2,
                        MethodProxy proxy) throws Throwable {
                    return proxy.invoke(arg0, arg2);
                }
            });
            enhancer.create();
        }
    }

}

运行结果：

Exception in thread "main" net.sf.cglib.core.CodeGenerationException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException-->null
at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:237)
at net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.createHelper(Enhancer.java:377)
at net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.create(Enhancer.java:285)
at com.jony.java.TestMethodAreaOverflow.main(TestMethodAreaOverflow.java:26)
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor1.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:616)
at net.sf.cglib.core.ReflectUtils.defineClass(ReflectUtils.java:384)
at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:219)
... 3 more
Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:634)
... 8 more
4.Runtime Constant Pool In Method  Area溢出

在运行时产生大量常量就可以让Method Area溢出，运行时常量可以用String类的intern方法，不断产生新的常量。

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. package com.jony.java; 
2.  
3. import java.util.ArrayList; 
4.  
5. public class RCPverflow { 
6.  
7.     public static void main(String[] args) { 
8.         ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<String>(); 
9.         int i = 0; 
10.         while (true) { 
11.             list.add(String.valueOf(i++).intern()); 
12.         } 
13.     } 
14.  
15. } 

package com.jony.java;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class RCPverflow {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        int i = 0;
        while (true) {
            list.add(String.valueOf(i++).intern());
        }
    }

}

运行结果：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space
at java.lang.String.intern(Native Method)
at com.jony.java.RCPverflow.main(RCPverflow.java:11)

总结

在实际编程中要尽量避免此类错误，不过大多数程序设计的结构要比实例复杂很多，使得问题被应藏，但JVM内存溢出问题本质上就是以上几种问题，因此在实际编程中应该避免JVM内存溢出情况。