优先级高优先

在运行多任务时，有多种选择策略，其中一种是优先级高优先，java可以通过PriorityBlockingQueue来实现。
代码例子：

//优先运行任务
class PrioritizedTask implements
Runnable, Comparable<PrioritizedTask>  {
  private Random rand = new Random(47);
  private static int counter = 0;
  private final int id = counter++;
  private final int priority;
  protected static List<PrioritizedTask> sequence =
    new ArrayList<PrioritizedTask>();
  public PrioritizedTask(int priority) {
    this.priority = priority;
    sequence.add(this);
  }
  //优先级比较
  public int compareTo(PrioritizedTask arg) {
    return priority < arg.priority ? 1 :
      (priority > arg.priority ? -1 : 0);
  }
  public void run() {
    try {
      TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(rand.nextInt(250));
    } catch(InterruptedException e) {
      // Acceptable way to exit
    }
    System.out.println(this);
  }
  public String toString() {
    return String.format("[%1$-3d]", priority) +
      " Task " + id;
  }
  public String summary() {
    return "(" + id + ":" + priority + ")";
  }
  //终止任务的终止类
  public static class EndSentinel extends PrioritizedTask {
    private ExecutorService exec;
    public EndSentinel(ExecutorService e) {
      super(-1); // Lowest priority in this program
      exec = e;
    }
    public void run() {
      int count = 0;
      System.out.println(this + " Calling shutdownNow()");
      exec.shutdownNow();
    }
  }
}
//优先队列存储
class PrioritizedTaskProducer implements Runnable {
  private Random rand = new Random(47);
  private Queue<Runnable> queue;
  private ExecutorService exec;
  public PrioritizedTaskProducer(
    Queue<Runnable> q, ExecutorService e) {
    queue = q;
    exec = e; 
  }
  public void run() {
    for(int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
      queue.add(new PrioritizedTask(rand.nextInt(10)));
      Thread.yield();
    }
    try {
      for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(250);
        queue.add(new PrioritizedTask(10));
      }
      for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
        queue.add(new PrioritizedTask(i));
      // 终止所有任务
      queue.add(new PrioritizedTask.EndSentinel(exec));
    } catch(InterruptedException e) {
    }
    System.out.println("Finished PrioritizedTaskProducer");
  }
}
//优先任务测试
class PrioritizedTaskConsumer implements Runnable {
  private PriorityBlockingQueue<Runnable> q;
  public PrioritizedTaskConsumer(
    PriorityBlockingQueue<Runnable> q) {
    this.q = q;
  }
  public void run() {
    try {
      while(!Thread.interrupted())
        // 用这个线程执行任务
        q.take().run();
    } catch(InterruptedException e) {

    }
    System.out.println("Finished PrioritizedTaskConsumer");
  }
}

public class PriorityBlockingQueueDemo {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    Random rand = new Random(47);
    ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
    PriorityBlockingQueue<Runnable> queue =
      new PriorityBlockingQueue<Runnable>();
    exec.execute(new PrioritizedTaskProducer(queue, exec));
    exec.execute(new PrioritizedTaskConsumer(queue));
  }
}  

运行结果：
[8 ] Task 0
[9 ] Task 5
[9 ] Task 13
[9 ] Task 14
[8 ] Task 10
[8 ] Task 16
[8 ] Task 19
[8 ] Task 11
[8 ] Task 6
[8 ] Task 15
[7 ] Task 9
[5 ] Task 1
[3 ] Task 2
[2 ] Task 8
[1 ] Task 3
[1 ] Task 4
[1 ] Task 17
[1 ] Task 12
[0 ] Task 18
[0 ] Task 7
[10 ] Task 20
[10 ] Task 21
[10 ] Task 22
[10 ] Task 23
[10 ] Task 24
[10 ] Task 25
[10 ] Task 26
[10 ] Task 27
[10 ] Task 28
Finished PrioritizedTaskProducer
[10 ] Task 29
[9 ] Task 39
[8 ] Task 38
[7 ] Task 37
[6 ] Task 36
[5 ] Task 35
[4 ] Task 34
[3 ] Task 33
[2 ] Task 32
[1 ] Task 31
[0 ] Task 30
[-1 ] Task 40 Calling shutdownNow()
Finished PrioritizedTaskConsumer