Java发送邮件的简单实现
JavaMail,顾名思义,提供给开发者处理电子邮件相关的编程接口。它是Sun发布的用来处理email的API。它可以方便地执行一些常用的邮件传输。我们可以基于JavaMail开发出类似于Microsoft Outlook的应用程序。JavaMail是可选包,目前并没有被加载到jdk中,使用时需要额外引入。
一、JavaMail引入
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.mail/mail -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>mail</artifactId>
<version>1.4.7</version>
</dependency>
二、实现步骤
1、自定义UserAuthenticator继承抽象类Authenticator,用于用户鉴权2、设置SMTP服务器地址、端口等信息
3、创建邮件会话,即登录邮箱
4、创建邮件消息,即编写邮件内容
5、发送邮件
三、实现代码
Java类描述
UserAuthenticator(用于用户鉴权,即验证登录信息)
MailSenderInfo(用于邮件消息,如:发送内容、发送邮箱、接收邮箱等)
MailSender(发送邮件的代码)
MailUtils(用来组装邮件消息)
import javax.mail.*;
class UserAuthenticator extends Authenticator {
String userName = null;
String password = null;
public UserAuthenticator() {
}
public UserAuthenticator(String username, String password) {
this.userName = username;
this.password = password;
}
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication(userName, password);
}
}
MailSenderInfo
import java.util.Properties;
class MailSenderInfo {
// 发送邮件的服务器的IP和端口
private String mailServerHost;
private String mailServerPort = "25";
// 邮件发送者的地址
private String fromAddress;
// 邮件接收者的地址
private String toAddress;
// 登陆邮件发送服务器的用户名和密码
private String userName;
private String password;
// 是否需要身份验证
private boolean validate = false;
// 邮件主题
private String subject;
// 邮件的文本内容
private String content;
// 邮件附件的文件名
private String[] attachFileNames;
/**
* 获得邮件会话属性
*/
public Properties getProperties() {
Properties p = new Properties();
p.put("mail.smtp.host", this.mailServerHost);
p.put("mail.smtp.port", this.mailServerPort);
p.put("mail.smtp.auth", validate ? "true" : "false");
return p;
}
public String getMailServerHost() {
return mailServerHost;
}
public void setMailServerHost(String mailServerHost) {
this.mailServerHost = mailServerHost;
}
public String getMailServerPort() {
return mailServerPort;
}
public void setMailServerPort(String mailServerPort) {
this.mailServerPort = mailServerPort;
}
public boolean isValidate() {
return validate;
}
public void setValidate(boolean validate) {
this.validate = validate;
}
public String[] getAttachFileNames() {
return attachFileNames;
}
public void setAttachFileNames(String[] fileNames) {
this.attachFileNames = fileNames;
}
public String getFromAddress() {
return fromAddress;
}
public void setFromAddress(String fromAddress) {
this.fromAddress = fromAddress;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getToAddress() {
return toAddress;
}
public void setToAddress(String toAddress) {
this.toAddress = toAddress;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getSubject() {
return subject;
}
public void setSubject(String subject) {
this.subject = subject;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String textContent) {
this.content = textContent;
}
}
MailSender
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.mail.Address;
import javax.mail.BodyPart;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.Multipart;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
class MailSender {
/**
* 以文本格式发送邮件
*
* @param mailInfo
* 待发送的邮件的信息
*/
public boolean sendTextMail(MailSenderInfo mailInfo) {
// 判断是否需要身份认证
UserAuthenticator authenticator = null;
Properties pro = mailInfo.getProperties();
if (mailInfo.isValidate()) {
// 如果需要身份认证,则创建一个密码验证器
authenticator = new UserAuthenticator(mailInfo.getUserName(),
mailInfo.getPassword());
}
// 根据邮件会话属性和密码验证器构造一个发送邮件的session
Session sendMailSession = Session
.getDefaultInstance(pro, authenticator);
try {
// 根据session创建一个邮件消息
Message mailMessage = new MimeMessage(sendMailSession);
// 创建邮件发送者地址
Address from = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getFromAddress());
// 设置邮件消息的发送者
mailMessage.setFrom(from);
// 创建邮件的接收者地址,并设置到邮件消息中
Address to = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getToAddress());
mailMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, to);
// 设置邮件消息的主题
mailMessage.setSubject(mailInfo.getSubject());
// 设置邮件消息发送的时间
mailMessage.setSentDate(new Date());
// 设置邮件消息的主要内容
String mailContent = mailInfo.getContent();
mailMessage.setText(mailContent);
// 发送邮件
Transport.send(mailMessage);
return true;
} catch (MessagingException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return false;
}
/**
* 以HTML格式发送邮件
*
* @param mailInfo
* 待发送的邮件信息
*/
public static boolean sendHtmlMail(MailSenderInfo mailInfo) {
// 判断是否需要身份认证
UserAuthenticator authenticator = null;
Properties pro = mailInfo.getProperties();
// 如果需要身份认证,则创建一个密码验证器
if (mailInfo.isValidate()) {
authenticator = new UserAuthenticator(mailInfo.getUserName(),
mailInfo.getPassword());
}
// 根据邮件会话属性和密码验证器构造一个发送邮件的session
Session sendMailSession = Session
.getDefaultInstance(pro, authenticator);
try {
// 根据session创建一个邮件消息
Message mailMessage = new MimeMessage(sendMailSession);
// 创建邮件发送者地址
Address from = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getFromAddress());
// 设置邮件消息的发送者
mailMessage.setFrom(from);
// 创建邮件的接收者地址,并设置到邮件消息中
Address to = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getToAddress());
// Message.RecipientType.TO属性表示接收者的类型为TO
mailMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, to);
// 设置邮件消息的主题
mailMessage.setSubject(mailInfo.getSubject());
// 设置邮件消息发送的时间
mailMessage.setSentDate(new Date());
// MiniMultipart类是一个容器类,包含MimeBodyPart类型的对象
Multipart mainPart = new MimeMultipart();
// 创建一个包含HTML内容的MimeBodyPart
BodyPart html = new MimeBodyPart();
// 设置HTML内容
html.setContent(mailInfo.getContent(), "text/html; charset=utf-8");
mainPart.addBodyPart(html);
// 将MiniMultipart对象设置为邮件内容
mailMessage.setContent(mainPart);
// 发送邮件
Transport.send(mailMessage);
return true;
} catch (MessagingException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return false;
}
}
MailUtils
public class MailUtils {
private static final String usernmae = "发送方邮箱地址";// 登陆邮件发送服务器的用户名
private static final String userPassword = "发送方邮箱登陆密码";// 登陆邮件发送服务器的密码
private static final String mailServerHost = "smtp.ym.163.com";// 根据不用的邮箱不同的配置,这里配置的是163企业邮箱
private static final String mailServerPort = "25";// 根据不用邮箱不同配置
/**
* 发送邮件
*
* @param toMail
* 邮箱地址
* @param subject
* 邮件名
* @param content
* 邮件内容
* @exception:
*/
public static void sendMail(String toMail, String subject, String content) {
MailSenderInfo mailInfo = new MailSenderInfo();
mailInfo.setMailServerHost(mailServerHost);
mailInfo.setMailServerPort(mailServerPort);
mailInfo.setValidate(true);
mailInfo.setUserName(usernmae);
mailInfo.setPassword(userPassword);
mailInfo.setFromAddress(usernmae);
mailInfo.setToAddress(toMail);
mailInfo.setSubject(subject);
mailInfo.setContent(content);
MailSender sms = new MailSender();
sms.sendTextMail(mailInfo);// 发送文体格式
}
}
@Test
public void testSendMail() {
MailUtils.sendMail("xxx@163.com", "邮件标题", "邮件内容");
}