官方文档:
PL/SQL Data Types
PL/SQL Collections and Records
13.11 Collection Variable Declaration
A collection variable is a composite variable whose internal components, called elements, have the same data type.
The value of a collection variable and the values of its elements can change.
You reference an entire collection by its name. You reference a collection element with the syntax collection
(
index
)
.
PL/SQL has three kinds of collection types:
-
Associative array (formerly called PL/SQL table or index-by table)
-
Variable-size array (varray)
-
Nested table
An associative array can be indexed by either a string type or PLS_INTEGER
. Varrays and nested tables are indexed by integers.
You can create a collection variable in either of these ways:
-
Define a collection type and then declare a variable of that type.
-
Use
%TYPE
to declare a collection variable of the same type as a previously declared collection variable.
Note:
This topic applies to collection types that you define inside a PL/SQL block or package, which differ from standalone collection types that you create with the "CREATE TYPE Statement".
In a PL/SQL block or package, you can define all three collection types. With the CREATE
TYPE
statement, you can create nested table types and VARRAY
types, but not associative array types.
Topics
Syntax
collection_type_definition ::=
Description of the illustration collection_type_definition.eps
assoc_array_type_def ::=
Description of the illustration assoc_array_type_def.eps
See:
varray_type_def ::=
Description of the illustration varray_type_def.eps
See "datatype ::=".
nested_table_type_def ::=
Description of the illustration nested_table_type_def.eps
datatype ::=
Description of the illustration datatype.eps
See:
collection_variable_dec ::=
Description of the illustration collection_variable_dec.eps
See "collection_constructor ::=".
Semantics
collection_type_definition
type
Name of the collection type that you are defining.
assoc_array_type_def
Type definition for an associative array.
Restriction on assoc_array_type_def
Can appear only in the declarative part of a block, subprogram, package specification, or package body.
nested_table_type_def
Type definition for a nested table.
varray_type_def
Type definition for a variable-size array.
assoc_array_type_def
datatype
Data type of the elements of the associative array. datatype
can be any PL/SQL data type except REF
CURSOR
.
NOT NULL
Imposes the NOT
NULL
constraint on every element of the associative array. For information about this constraint, see "NOT NULL Constraint".
{ PLS_INTEGER | BINARY_INTEGER }
Specifies that the data type of the indexes of the associative array is PLS_INTEGER
.
{ VARCHAR2 | VARCHAR | STRING } (v_size)
Specifies that the data type of the indexes of the associative array is VARCHAR2
(or its subtype VARCHAR
or STRING
) with length v_size
.
You can populate an element of the associative array with a value of any type that can be converted to VARCHAR2
with the TO_CHAR
function (described in Oracle Database SQL Language Reference).
Caution:
Associative arrays indexed by strings can be affected by National Language Support (NLS) parameters. For more information, see "NLS Parameter Values Affect Associative Arrays Indexed by String".
LONG
Specifies that the data type of the indexes of the associative array is LONG
, which is equivalent to VARCHAR2(32760)
.
Note:
Oracle supports LONG
only for backward compatibility with existing applications. For new applications, use VARCHAR2(32760)
.
type_attribute, rowtype_attribute
Specifies that the data type of the indexes of the associative array is a data type specified with either %ROWTYPE
or %TYPE
. This data type must represent either PLS_INTEGER
, BINARY_INTEGER
, or VARCHAR2(
v_size)
.
varray_type_def
size_limit
Maximum number of elements that the varray can have. size_limit
must be an integer literal in the range from 1 through 2147483647.
datatype
Data type of the varray element. datatype
can be any PL/SQL data type except REF
CURSOR
.
NOT NULL
Imposes the NOT
NULL
constraint on every element of the varray. For information about this constraint, see "NOT NULL Constraint".
nested_table_type_def
datatype
Data type of the elements of the nested table. datatype
can be any PL/SQL data type except REF
CURSOR
or NCLOB
.
If datatype
is a scalar type, then the nested table has a single column of that type, called COLUMN_VALUE
.
If datatype
is an ADT, then the columns of the nested table match the name and attributes of the ADT.
NOT NULL
Imposes the NOT
NULL
constraint on every element of the nested table. For information about this constraint, see "NOT NULL Constraint".
datatype
collection_type
Name of a user-defined varray or nested table type (not the name of an associative array type).
object_type
Instance of a user-defined type.
record_type
Name of a user-defined type that was defined with the data type specifier RECORD
.
ref_cursor_type
Name of a user-defined type that was defined with the data type specifier REF
CURSOR
.
scalar_datatype
Name of a scalar data type, including any qualifiers for size, precision, and character or byte semantics.
collection_variable_dec
new_collection_var
Name of the collection variable that you are declaring.
assoc_array_type
Name of a previously defined associative array type; the data type of new_collection_var
.
varray_type
Name of a previously defined VARRAY
type; the data type of new_collection_var
.
nested_table_type
Name of a previously defined nested table type; the data type of new_collection_var
.
collection_constructor
Collection constructor for the data type of new_collection_var
, which provides the initial value of new_collection_var
.
collection_var_1
Name of a previously declared collection variable of the same data type as new_collection_var
, which provides the initial value of new_collection_var
.
Note:
collection_var_1
and new_collection_var
must have the same data type, not only elements of the same type.
collection_var_2
Name of a previously declared collection variable.
%TYPE
See "%TYPE Attribute".
Examples
-
Example 5-1, "Associative Array Indexed by String"
-
Example 5-2, "Function Returns Associative Array Indexed by PLS_INTEGER"
-
Example 5-4, "Varray (Variable-Size Array)"
-
Example 5-5, "Nested Table of Local Type"
-
Example 5-11, "Two-Dimensional Varray (Varray of Varrays)"
-
Example 5-12, "Nested Tables of Nested Tables and Varrays of Integers"
Related Topics
In this chapter:
In other chapters:
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【Oracle】record、varray、table和%type、%rowtype的使用详解
2年前 (2016-08-18) 分类:Oracle 阅读(716) 评论(0)
1 说明
1.1 RECORD
定义记录数据类型。它类似于c语言中的结构数据类型(structure),pl/sql提供了将几个相关的、分离的、基本数据类型的变量组成一个整体的方法,即record复合数据类型。在使用记录数据类型变量时,需要在声明部分先定义记录的组成、记录的变量,然后在执行部分引用该记录变量本身或其中的成员。
定义记录数据类型的语法如下:
SQL
type record_name is record(
v1 data_type1 [not null][:=default_value],
v2 data_type2 [not null][:=default_value],
vn data_typen [not null][:=default_value]
);
1.2 VARRAY
数组是具有相同数据类型的一组成员的集合。每个成员都有一个唯一的下标,它取决于成员在数组中的位置。在pl/sql中,数组数据类型是varray(variable array,即可变数组)。
定义varray数据类型的语法如下:
SQL
type varray_nameis varray(size) of element_type [not null];
其中,varray_name是varray数据类型的名称,size是正整数,表示可以容纳的成员的最大数量,每个成员的数据类型是element_typeo默认时,成员可以取空值,否则需要使用not null加以限制。
1.3 TABLE
定义记录表(或索引表)数据类型。它与记录类型相似,但它是对记录类型的扩展。它可以处理多行记录,类似于c语言中的二维数组,使得可以在pl/sql中模仿数据库中的表。
定义记录表类型的语法如下:
SQL
type table name is table of element_type [not null]
index by [binary_integer|pls_integer|varray2];
关键字index by表示创建一个主键索引,以便引用记录表变量中的特定行。
binary_integer的说明
如语句:type numbers is table of number index by binary_integer;其作用是,加了”index bybinary_integer ”后,numbers类型的下标就是自增长,numbers类型在插入元素时,不需要初始化,不需要每次extend增加一个空间。
而如果没有这句话“indexby binary_integer”,那就得要显示对初始化,且每插入一个元素到numbers类型的table中时,都需要先extend。
2 举例
2.1 创建表结构以及数据准备
SQL
--组织机构结构表
create table sf_org(
org_id int not null, --组织机构主键id
org_name varchar2(50),--组织机构名称
parent_id int--组织机构的父级
)
--一级组织机构
insert into sf_org(org_id, org_name, parent_id) values(1, '一级部门1',0);
--二级部门
insert into sf_org(org_id, org_name, parent_id) values(2, '二级部门2',1);
insert into sf_org(org_id, org_name, parent_id) values(3, '二级部门3',1);
insert into sf_org(org_id, org_name, parent_id) values(4, '二级部门4',1);
2.2 RECORD的使用举例
先定义一个只与sf_org表中某几个列的数据类型相同的记录数据类型type_org_record,然后声明一个该数据类型的记录变量v_org_record,最后用替换变量&org_id接受输入的雇员编码,查询并显示该雇员的这几列中的信息。注意,在使用record数据类型的变量时要用“.”运算符指定记录变量名限定词。
一个记录类型的变量只能保存从数据库中查询出的一行记录,如果查询出了多行记录,就会出现错误。
SQL
-- RECORD的使用举例
declare
type type_org_record is record(
v_name sf_org.org_name%type,
v_parent sf_org.parent_id%type);
v_record type_org_record;
begin
select org_name, parent_id into v_record from sf_org so
where so.org_id = &org_id;
dbms_output.put_line('部门名称:' || v_record.v_name);
dbms_output.put_line('上级部门编码:' || to_char(v_record.v_parent));
end;
执行时会弹出一个输入框,如下图,执行完毕以后可以在输出中查看效果
2.3 VARRAY的使用举例
先定义一个能保存5个varchar2(25)数据类型的成员的varray数据类型org_varray_type,然后声明一个该数据类型的varray变量v_org_varray,最后用与org_varray_type数据类型同名的构造函数语法给v_org_varray变量赋予初值并显示赋值结果。
注意,在引用数组中的成员时.需要在一对括号中使用顺序下标,下标从1开始而不是从0开始。
SQL
--- VARRAY的使用举例
declare
type org_varray_type is varray(5) of varchar2(25);
v_arr_set org_varray_type;
begin
v_arr_set := org_varray_type('1','2','3','4','5');
dbms_output.put_line('输出1:' || v_arr_set(1) || '、'|| v_arr_set(2) || '、'|| v_arr_set(3) || '、'|| v_arr_set(4));
dbms_output.put_line('输出2:' || v_arr_set(5));
v_arr_set(5) := '5001';
dbms_output.put_line('输出3:' || v_arr_set(5));
end;
2.4 TABLE使用举例
2.4.1 存储单列多行
这个和varray类似。但是赋值方式稍微有点不同,不能使用同名的构造函数进行赋值。具体的如下:
SQL
-- 存储单列多行
declare
type org_table_type is table of varchar2(25)
index by binary_integer;
v_org_table org_table_type;
begin
v_org_table(1) := '1';
v_org_table(2) := '2';
v_org_table(3) := '3';
v_org_table(4) := '4';
v_org_table(5) := '5';
dbms_output.put_line('输出1:' || v_org_table(1) || '、'|| v_org_table(2) || '、'|| v_org_table(3) || '、'|| v_org_table(4)||'、'|| v_org_table(5));
end;
2.4.2 存储多列多行和ROWTYPE结合使用
采用bulkcollect可以将查询结果一次性地加载到collections中。而不是通过cursor一条一条地处理。
SQL
-- 存储多列多行和rowtype结合使用
declare
type t_type is table of sf_org%rowtype;
v_type t_type;
begin
select org_id, org_name, parent_id bulk collect into v_type from sf_org where sf_org.org_id <= 3;
for v_index in v_type.first .. v_type.last loop
dbms_output.put_line(v_type(v_index).org_id ||' '|| v_type(v_index).org_name ||' '|| v_type(v_index).parent_id );
end loop;
end;
2.4.3 存储多列多行和RECORD结合使用
采用bulkcollect可以将查询结果一次性地加载到collections中。而不是通过cursor一条一条地处理。
SQL
-- 存储多列多行和RECORD结合使用
declare
type test_emp is record
(
c1 sf_org.org_name%type,
c2 sf_org.parent_id%type
);
type t_type is table of test_emp;
v_type t_type;
begin
select org_name, parent_id bulk collect into v_type from sf_org where sf_org.org_id <= 3;
for v_index in v_type.first .. v_type.last loop
dbms_output.put_line(v_type(v_index).c1 || ' ' || v_type(v_index).c2);
end loop;
end;
3 问题
varry和table集合不能直接对其进行查询。只能对其进行遍历。
4 其他
在我的Oracle 创建 split 和 splitstr 函数文章中,有包含table的查询示例图:http://www.ibloger.net/article/232.html
%TYPE说明
为了使一个变量的数据类型与另一个已经定义了的变量(尤其是表的某一列)的数据类型相一致,Oracle提供了%TYPE定义方式。当被参照的那个变量的数据类型改变了之后,这个新定义的变量的数据类型会自动跟随其改变,容易保持一致,也不用修改PL/SQL程序了。当不能确切地知道被参照的那个变量的数据类型时,就只能采用这种方法定义变量的数据类型。
%ROWTYP说明
如果一个表有较多的列,使用%rowtype来定义一个表示表中一行记录的变量,比分别使用%type来定义表示表中各个列的变量要简洁得多,并且不容易遗漏、出错。这样会增加程序的可维护性。
为了使一个变量的数据类型与一个表中记录的各个列的数据类型相对应、一致,oracle提供%rowtype定义方式。当表的某些列的数据类型改变了之后,这个新定义的变量的数据类型会自动跟随其改变,容易保持一致,也不用修改pl/sql程序了。当不能确切地知道被参照的那个表的结构及其数据类型时,就只能采用这种方法定义变量的数据类型。
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