linux用户管理命令和正则表达式grep匹配

###1、复制/etc/skel目录为/home/tuser1，要求/home/tuser1及其内部文件的属组和其它用户均没有任何访问权限。

```

[root@localhost ~]# cp -r /etc/skel /home/tuser1

[root@localhost ~]# ll -d /home/tuser1/

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 62 Jun 3 16:47 /home/tuser1/

[root@localhost ~]# ll -a /home/tuser1/

total 12

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 62 Jun 3 16:47 .

drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 20 Jun 3 16:47 ..

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18 Jun 3 16:47 .bash_logout

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 193 Jun 3 16:47 .bash_profile

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 231 Jun 3 16:47 .bashrc

[root@localhost ~]# chmod g=--- -R /home/tuser1/

[root@localhost ~]# chmod o=--- -R /home/tuser1/

[root@localhost ~]# ll -d /home/tuser1/

drwx------ 2 root root 62 Jun 3 16:47 /home/tuser1/

[root@localhost ~]# ll -a /home/tuser1/

total 12

drwx------ 2 root root 62 Jun 3 16:47 .

drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 20 Jun 3 16:47 ..

-rw------- 1 root root 18 Jun 3 16:47 .bash_logout

-rw------- 1 root root 193 Jun 3 16:47 .bash_profile

-rw------- 1 root root 231 Jun 3 16:47 .bashrc

```

###2、编辑/etc/group文件，添加组hadoop。

```

[root@localhost ~]# echo "hadoop:x:1000:" >> /etc/group

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/group

hadoop:x:1000:

```

###3、手动编辑/etc/passwd文件新增一行，添加用户hadoop，其基本组ID为hadoop组的id号；其家目录为/home/hadoop。

```

[root@localhost ~]# echo "hadoop:x:1000:1000:hadoop:/home/hadoop:/bin/bash" >> /etc/passwd

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd

hadoop:x:1000:1000:hadoop:/home/hadoop:/bin/bash

```

###4、复制/etc/skel目录为/home/hadoop，要求修改hadoop目录的属组和其它用户没有任何访问权限。

```

[root@localhost ~]# cp -r /etc/skel /home/hadoop

[root@localhost ~]# chmod g=--- -R /home/hadoop

[root@localhost ~]# chmod o=--- -R /home/hadoop

[root@localhost ~]# ll -d /home/hadoop/

drwx------ 2 root root 62 Jun 3 17:01 /home/hadoop/

[root@localhost ~]# ll -a /home/hadoop/

total 12

drwx------ 2 root root 62 Jun 3 17:01 .

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 34 Jun 3 17:01 ..

-rw------- 1 root root 18 Jun 3 17:01 .bash_logout

-rw------- 1 root root 193 Jun 3 17:01 .bash_profile

-rw------- 1 root root 231 Jun 3 17:01 .bashrc

```

###5、修改/home/hadoop目录及其内部所有文件的属主为hadoop，属组为hadoop。

```

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R hadoop:hadoop /home/hadoop

[root@localhost ~]# ll -d /home/hadoop/

drwx------ 2 hadoop hadoop 62 Jun 3 17:01 /home/hadoop/

[root@localhost ~]# ll -a /home/hadoop/

total 12

drwx------ 2 hadoop hadoop 62 Jun 3 17:01 .

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 34 Jun 3 17:01 ..

-rw------- 1 hadoop hadoop 18 Jun 3 17:01 .bash_logout

-rw------- 1 hadoop hadoop 193 Jun 3 17:01 .bash_profile

-rw------- 1 hadoop hadoop 231 Jun 3 17:01 .bashrc

```

###6、显示/proc/meminfo文件中以大写或小写S开头的行；用两种方式；

```

[root@localhost ~]# grep -E "^(s|S)" /proc/meminfo

SwapCached: 0 kB

SwapTotal: 1048572 kB

SwapFree: 1048572 kB

Shmem: 4400 kB

Slab: 34604 kB

SReclaimable: 23448 kB

SUnreclaim: 11156 kB

[root@localhost ~]# grep "^[sS]" /proc/meminfo

SwapCached: 0 kB

SwapTotal: 1048572 kB

SwapFree: 1048572 kB

Shmem: 4400 kB

Slab: 34604 kB

SReclaimable: 23448 kB

SUnreclaim: 11156 kB

[root@localhost ~]# grep -i "^s" /proc/meminfo

SwapCached: 0 kB

SwapTotal: 1048572 kB

SwapFree: 1048572 kB

Shmem: 4400 kB

Slab: 34604 kB

SReclaimable: 23448 kB

SUnreclaim: 11156 kB

```

###7、显示/etc/passwd文件中其默认shell为非/sbin/nologin的用户；

```

[root@localhost ~]# grep -v "/sbin/nologin$" /etc/passwd | cut -d':' -f1

root

sync

shutdown

halt

hadoop

```

###8、显示/etc/passwd文件中其默认shell为/bin/bash的用户；

```

[root@localhost ~]# grep "/bin/bash$" /etc/passwd | cut -d':' -f1

root

hadoop

```

###9、找出/etc/passwd文件中的一位数或两位数；

```

[root@localhost ~]# grep -E "\<[0-9]\>|\<[0-9]{2}\>" /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin

dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin

postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin

sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

```

###10、显示/boot/grub/grub.conf中以至少一个空白字符开头的行；

```

[root@localhost ~]# grep -E "^[[:space:]]+" /boot/grub/grub.conf

        root (hd0,0)

        kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=b8383511-7dd4-4ca8-97ec-aa9cf6c7891a rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet

        initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64.img

```

###11、显示/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件中以#开头，后面跟至少一个空白字符，而后又有至少一个非空白字符的行；

```

[root@localhost ~]# grep -E "^#[[:space:]]+[^[:space:]]" /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit

# /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit - run once at boot time

# Taken in part from Miquel van Smoorenburg's bcheckrc.

# Check SELinux status

# Print a text banner.

# Only read this once.

# Initialize hardware

# Set default affinity

# Load other user-defined modules

# Load modules (for backward compatibility with VARs)

# Configure kernel parameters

# Set the hostname.

# Sync waiting for storage.

# Device mapper & related initialization

# Start any MD RAID arrays that haven't been started yet

# Remount the root filesystem read-write.

# Clean up SELinux labels

# If relabeling, relabel mount points.

# Mount all other filesystems (except for NFS and /proc, which is already

# mounted). Contrary to standard usage,

# filesystems are NOT unmounted in single user mode.

# The 'no' applies to all listed filesystem types. See mount(8).

# Check to see if a full relabel is needed

# Update quotas if necessary

# Initialize pseudo-random number generator

# Configure machine if necessary.

# Clean out /.

# Do we need (w|u)tmpx files? We don't set them up, but the sysadmin might...

# Clean up /var.

# Clean up utmp/wtmp

# Clean up various /tmp bits

# Make ICE directory

# Start up swapping.

# Set up binfmt_misc

# Boot time profiles. Yes, this should be somewhere else.

# Now that we have all of our basic modules loaded and the kernel going,

# let's dump the syslog ring somewhere so we can find it later

# create the crash indicator flag to warn on crashes, offer fsck with timeout

# Let rhgb know that we're leaving rc.sysinit

```

###12、打出netstat -tan命令执行结果中以‘LISTEN’，后或跟空白字符结尾的行；

```

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -tan | grep "LISTEN[[:space:]]*$"

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN

tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN

```

###13、添加用户bash, testbash, basher, nologin (此一个用户的shell为/sbin/nologin)，而后找出当前系统上其用户名和默认shell相同的用户的信息；

```

[root@localhost ~]# useradd bash

[root@localhost ~]# useradd testbash

[root@localhost ~]# useradd basher

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin nologin

[root@localhost ~]# grep -E "^(\<[[:alnum:]]+\>).*\1$" /etc/passwd

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

bash:x:1001:1001::/home/bash:/bin/bash

nologin:x:1004:1004::/home/nologin:/sbin/nologin

```