SaltStack之配置管理

NBED

于 2021-11-02 15:08:46 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xumneg111/article/details/121098450

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SaltStack之配置管理

YAML语言

YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的数据序列化格式，是一个可读性高并且容易被人类阅读，容易和脚本语言交互，用来表达资料序列的编程语言。

它类似于标准通用标记语言的子集XML的数据描述语言，语法比XML简单很多。

YAML语言的格式如下：

house:
  family:
    name: Doe
    parents:
      - John
      - Jane
    children:
      - Paul
      - Mark
      - Simone
  address:
    number: 34
    street: Main Street
    city: Nowheretown
    zipcode: 12345

YAML的基本规则：

使用缩进来表示层级关系，每层2个空格，禁止使用TAB键
当冒号不是处于最后时，冒号后面必须有一个空格
用 - 表示列表，- 的后面必须有一个空格
用 # 表示注释

YAML配置文件要放到SaltStack让我们放的位置，可以在SaltStack的 Master 配置文件中查找file_roots即可看到。

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
......
file_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/salt/base
  test:
    - /srv/salt/test
  dev:
    - /srv/salt/dev
  prod:
    - /srv/salt/prod
......

[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/{base,test,dev,prod}
[root@master ~]# tree /srv/salt/
/srv/salt/
├── base
├── dev
├── prod
└── test

4 directories, 0 files
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master

注意：base是默认的位置，如果file_roots只有一个，则base是必备的且必须叫base，不能改名

环境说明：

主机名	ip	需要安装的应用
master	192.168.58.120	salt-master、salt-minion
node2	192.168.58.121	salt-minion
node3	192.168.58.30	salt-minion
node4	192.168.58.40	salt-minion

SaltStack配置Nginx

在Master上部署sls配置文件并执行

[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# ls
[root@master base]# mkdir -p web/nginx
[root@master base]# tree web
web
└── nginx

1 directory, 0 files


[root@master base]# cd web/nginx/
[root@master nginx]# vim install_n.sls      //生成一个状态描述文件
nginx-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - name: nginx

nginx-service:
  service.running:
    - name: nginx
    - enable: True

#YAML 配置文件中顶格写的被称作ID，必须全局唯一，不能重复
#SaltStack 读 YAML 配置文件时是从上往下读，所以要把先执行的写在前面

[root@master nginx]# pwd
/srv/salt/base/web/nginx
[root@master nginx]# ls
install_n.sls
#执行状态描述文件
[root@master nginx]# salt 'node3' state.sls web.nginx.install_n saltenv=base
node3:
----------
          ID: nginx-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: nginx
     Started: 13:43:17.237899
    Duration: 34051.331 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              gd:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.2.5-7.el8
                  old:
              jbigkit-libs:
    
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.0.0-3.el8_4
                  old:
              nginx:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-all-modules:
              ......此处省略n行
              ----------
          ID: nginx-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: Service nginx has been enabled, and is running
     Started: 13:43:51.306296
    Duration: 577.053 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              nginx:
                  True

    Summary for node3
     ------------
    Succeeded: 2 (changed=2)
    Failed:    0
    ------------
   Total states run:     2
   Total run time:  34.628 s

在Minion上检查

[root@node3 ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-02 13:43:51 CST; 4min 36s ago
 Main PID: 274236 (nginx)
    Tasks: 3 (limit: 11300)
   Memory: 7.4M
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─274236 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
           ├─274237 nginx: worker process
           └─274238 nginx: worker process

11月 02 13:43:51 node3 systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
11月 02 13:43:51 node3 nginx[274165]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
11月 02 13:43:51 node3 nginx[274165]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

访问网页
在这里插入图片描述

注意事项：
再执行描述状态文件(*.sls)之前应注意 minion端是否存活(ping通)

salt '*' test.ping

top file

top file介绍
直接通过命令执行sls文件时够自动化吗？答案是否定的，因为我们还要告诉某台主机要执行某个任务，自动化应该是我们让它干活时，它自己就知道哪台主机要干什么活，但是直接通过命令执行sls文件并不能达到这个目的，为了解决这个问题，top file 应运而生。

top file就是一个入口，top file的文件名可通过在 Master的配置文件中搜索top.sls找出，且此文件必须在 base 环境中，默认情况下此文件必须叫top.sls。

top file的作用就是告诉对应的主机要干什么活，比如让web服务器启动web服务，让数据库服务器安装mysql等等。

top file 实例：

#先创建一个apache的sls文件
[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# ls
[root@master base]# mkdir -p web/apache
[root@master base]# tree web
web
└── apache

1 directory, 0 files

[root@master base]# cd web/apache/
[root@master apache]# vim install_a.sls
apache-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - name: httpd

apache-service:
  service.running:
    - name: httpd
    - enable: True


[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# ls
web      
[root@master base]# vim top.sls
base:   //要执行状态文件的环境
  'node4':     //要执行状态文件的目标
    - web.apache.install_a   //要执行的状态文件


[root@master ~]# salt 'node4' state.highstate   //使用高级状态来执行
node4:
----------
          ID: apache-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: httpd
     Started: 14:05:35.610099
    Duration: 21440.361 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              apr:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.3-11.el8
                  old:
              apr-util:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              apr-util-bdb:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              apr-util-openssl:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              centos-logos-httpd:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      85.8-1.el8
                  old:
              httpd:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1
                  old:
              httpd-filesystem:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1
                  old:
              httpd-tools:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1
                  old:
              mod_http2:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab
                  old:
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: Service httpd has been enabled, and is running
     Started: 14:05:57.080492
    Duration: 991.009 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              httpd:
                  True

Summary for node4
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=2)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time:  22.431 s

在Minion上检查

[root@node4 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-02 14:05:57 CST; 8min ago
     Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
 Main PID: 281286 (httpd)
   Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
    Tasks: 213 (limit: 11300)
   Memory: 34.0M
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─281286 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─281319 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─281320 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─281321 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─281322 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

网页访问
在这里插入图片描述
注意事项：
若top file里面的目标是用 * 表示的，要注意的是，top file里面的 * 表示的是所有要执行状态的目标，而 salt ‘*’ state.highstate 里面的 * 表示通知所有机器干活，而是否要干活则是由top file来指定的

并行部署

同时在多台minion端安装服务
在 master 和node2上部署服务

//查看sls文件
[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/web/apache/
[root@master apache]# ls
install_a.sls
[root@master apache]# cd ../nginx/
[root@master nginx]# ls
install_n.sls
[root@master nginx]# 

//修改top.sls文件
[root@master base]# vim top.sls  
base:
  master:
    - web.apache.install_a
  node2:
    - web.nginx.install_n

使用 salt ‘*’ state.highstate 在所有主机上使用高级运行

[root@master base]# salt '*' state.highstate
node3:                             //此处报错是因为top.sls文件中并没有给他分配任务
----------
          ID: states
    Function: no.None
      Result: False
     Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details.
     Changes:   

Summary for node3
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed:    1
------------
Total states run:     1
Total run time:   0.000 ms
node4:                      //此处报错是因为top.sls文件中并没有给他分配任务
----------
          ID: states
    Function: no.None
      Result: False
     Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details.
     Changes:   

Summary for node4
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed:    1
------------
Total states run:     1
Total run time:   0.000 ms
master:
----------
          ID: apache-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: All specified packages are already installed
     Started: 14:56:54.205334
    Duration: 900.358 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: The service httpd is already running
     Started: 14:56:55.109138
    Duration: 74.825 ms
     Changes:   

Summary for master
------------
Succeeded: 2
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time: 975.183 ms
node2:
----------
          ID: nginx-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: nginx
     Started: 14:56:57.661526
    Duration: 74754.137 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              dejavu-fonts-common:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.35-7.el8
                  old:
              dejavu-sans-fonts:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.35-7.el8
                  old:
              fontconfig:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.13.1-3.el8
                  old:
              fontpackages-filesystem:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.44-22.el8
                  old:
              gd:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.2.5-7.el8
                  old:
              jbigkit-libs:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.1-14.el8
                  old:
              libX11:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.8-4.el8
                  old:
              libX11-common:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.8-4.el8
                  old:
              libXau:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.0.9-3.el8
                  old:
              libXpm:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3.5.12-8.el8
                  old:
              libjpeg-turbo:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.5.3-10.el8
                  old:
              libtiff:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4.0.9-18.el8
                  old:
              libwebp:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.0.0-3.el8_4
                  old:
              libxcb:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.13.1-1.el8
                  old:
              nginx:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-all-modules:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-filesystem:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-mod-http-image-filter:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-mod-http-perl:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-mod-mail:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-mod-stream:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              perl-Carp:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.42-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-Data-Dumper:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.167-399.el8
                  old:
              perl-Digest:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.17-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Digest-MD5:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.55-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-Encode:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4:2.97-3.el8
                  old:
              perl-Errno:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.28-419.el8_4.1
                  old:
              perl-Exporter:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      5.72-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-File-Path:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.15-2.el8
                  old:
              perl-File-Temp:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      0.230.600-1.el8
                  old:
              perl-Getopt-Long:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:2.50-4.el8
                  old:
              perl-HTTP-Tiny:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      0.074-1.el8
                  old:
              perl-IO:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.38-419.el8_4.1
                  old:
              perl-IO-Socket-IP:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      0.39-5.el8
                  old:
              perl-IO-Socket-SSL:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.066-4.module_el8.3.0+410+ff426aa3
                  old:
              perl-MIME-Base64:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3.15-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-Mozilla-CA:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      20160104-7.module_el8.3.0+416+dee7bcef
                  old:
              perl-Net-SSLeay:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.88-1.module_el8.3.0+410+ff426aa3
                  old:
              perl-PathTools:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3.74-1.el8
                  old:
              perl-Pod-Escapes:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.07-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Pod-Perldoc:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3.28-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-Pod-Simple:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:3.35-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Pod-Usage:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4:1.69-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Scalar-List-Utils:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3:1.49-2.el8
                  old:
              perl-Socket:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4:2.027-3.el8
                  old:
              perl-Storable:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:3.11-3.el8
                  old:
              perl-Term-ANSIColor:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4.06-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-Term-Cap:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.17-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Text-ParseWords:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3.30-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Text-Tabs+Wrap:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2013.0523-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Time-Local:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.280-1.el8
                  old:
              perl-URI:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.73-3.el8
                  old:
              perl-Unicode-Normalize:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.25-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-constant:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.33-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-interpreter:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4:5.26.3-419.el8_4.1
                  old:
              perl-libnet:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3.11-3.el8
                  old:
              perl-libs:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4:5.26.3-419.el8_4.1
                  old:
              perl-macros:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4:5.26.3-419.el8_4.1
                  old:
              perl-parent:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:0.237-1.el8
                  old:
              perl-podlators:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4.11-1.el8
                  old:
              perl-threads:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:2.21-2.el8
                  old:
              perl-threads-shared:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.58-2.el8
                  old:
----------
          ID: nginx-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: Service nginx has been enabled, and is running
     Started: 14:58:12.475704
    Duration: 418.618 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              nginx:
                  True

Summary for node2
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=2)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time:  75.173 s

在minion端上检测


#master
[root@master ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-02 14:54:07 CST; 9min ago
     Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
 Main PID: 396986 (httpd)
   Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
    Tasks: 213 (limit: 11293)
   Memory: 33.8M
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─396986 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─396994 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─396995 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─396996 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─396997 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND


#node2
[root@node2 ]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-02 14:58:12 CST; 6min ago
 Main PID: 339373 (nginx)
    Tasks: 3 (limit: 11300)
   Memory: 5.8M
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─339373 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
           ├─339374 nginx: worker process
           └─339375 nginx: worker process

11月 02 14:58:12 minion systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
11月 02 14:58:12 minion nginx[339367]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
11月 02 14:58:12 minion nginx[339367]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

NBED

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SaltStack之配置管理

SaltStack之配置管理YAML语言YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的数据序列化格式，是一个可读性高并且容易被人类阅读，容易和脚本语言交互，用来表达资料序列的编程语言。它类似于标准通用标记语言的子集XML的数据描述语言，语法比XML简单很多。YAML语言的格式如下：house: family: name: Doe parents: - John - Jane children: - Paul - Mark
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