https://www.5ceo.cn/wyl/blogs/detail/1000156.html
AOP 面向切面编程。
降低模块之间的耦合度,提高开发效率,提高可维护性,可扩展性,可复用性
Aop(aspect oriented programming面向切面编程),是spring框架的另一个特征。AOP包括切面、连接点、通知(advice)、切入点(pointCut) 。
1.aop几个概念:
-
横切关注点: 对哪些方面进行拦截,拦截后怎么处理。
-
切面(aspect):切面是横切关注点的抽象。
-
连接点(joinpoint):被拦截的方法
-
切入点(pointcut):对连接点进行拦截的定义。
-
通知(advice):拦截到连接点之后要执行的代码
-
目标对象:代理的目标对象
-
织入
-
引入
-
2.主要功能:
-
日志记录
-
性能统计
-
安全控制
-
事物处理
-
异常处理
-
3.advice类型:
-
前置通知(before advice)
-
返回后通知(after returning advice)
-
抛出异常后通知(after throwing advice)
-
后通知(after advice)
-
环绕通知(around advice)
-
范例
例子我是基于maven和Spring注解的方式,用POJO实现
工程的主要文件的配置
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>imooc</groupId>
<artifactId>springmaven</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>springmaven Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<finalName>SSHMJ-FRANK</finalName>
</properties>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>mav</id>
<name>sss</name>
<url>http://mvnrepository.com</url>
<releases>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
<layout>default</layout>
</repository>
</repositories>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-asm</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-instrument-tomcat</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.6.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-pool</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-pool</artifactId>
<version>1.5.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
<version>3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.16</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc-portlet</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-struts</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ognl</groupId>
<artifactId>ognl</artifactId>
<version>2.6.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cglib</groupId>
<artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.4</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
<finalName>springmaven</finalName>
</build>
</project>
`
web.xml`
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0">
<!-- 工程名 -->
<display-name>springmaven</display-name>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- spring配置文件的配置 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- springmvc的配置环境 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.service" />
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy />
<aop:config proxy-target-class="true">
<aop:aspect ref="preDo">
<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.service.ToDo.toEat(..))"
id="register" />
<aop:before method="toPre" pointcut-ref="register" />
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
</beans>
spring-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
<!-- don't handle the static resource -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property>
<!-- 前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<!-- 后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
IToDo.java
切入点(Pointcut)接口
package com.service.imp;
public interface IToDo {
public String toEat();
}
ToDo.java
package com.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.service.imp.IToDo;
@Service
public class ToDo implements IToDo {
@Override
public String toEat() {
System.out.println("吃苹果");
return "吃苹果";
}
}
IPreDo.java
package com.service.imp;
public interface IPreDo {
public String toPre();
}
application.java
用于测试
package springmaven;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.service.imp.IToDo;
public class application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext appCtx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
IToDo tdo = (IToDo)appCtx.getBean("toDo");
tdo.toEat();
}
}
工程图片
返回的结果
洗手
吃苹果
主要的配置讲解
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy />
<aop:config proxy-target-class="true">
<aop:aspect ref="preDo">
<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.service.ToDo.toEat(..))"
id="register" />
<aop:before method="toPre" pointcut-ref="register" />
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy />:
会自动为spring容器中那些配置@aspectJ切面的bean创建代理,织入切面,我这里没有使用注解的方式,使用了xml配置的方式。
<aop:config>:
就是用来配置aspectJ切面
proxy-target-class:
设置代理模式。当poxy-target-class="true"
时,表示使用CGLib动态代理技术织入增强。设置为false时,表示使用jdk动态代理织入增强,如果目标类没有声明接口,则spring将自动使用CGLib动态代理。
<aop:aspect ref="preDo">:
设置切面,ref是切面Bean的id名
<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.service.ToDo.toEat(..))" id="register" />:
这里设置切入点,expression设置切面植入的切入点的方法地址
<aop:before method="toPre" pointcut-ref="register" >:
在执行切入点方法之前执行切面方法,method为切面中的执行方法,pointcut-ref与切点的id一致就可以了
<aop:advisor>
定义一个AOP通知者<aop:after>
后通知<aop:after-returning>
返回后通知<aop:after-throwing>
抛出后通知<aop:around>
周围通知<aop:aspect>
定义一个切面<aop:before>
前通知<aop:config>
顶级配置元素,类似于<beans>这种东西<aop:pointcut>
定义一个切点
<aop:after-returning>讲解
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy />
<aop:config proxy-target-class="true">
<aop:aspect ref="preDo">
<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.service.ToDo.toEat(..))"
id="register" />
<aop:after-returning method="toPre" pointcut-ref="register" returning="returnValue"/>
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
returning:
是切点的返回值,在切面中通过returnValue接受,若要获取传给切点的参数在切面的java方法参数中加上JoinPoint,获取的是一个数组,按顺序排列。
package com.service;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.service.imp.IPreDo;
@Service
public class PreDo implements IPreDo {
@Override
public String toPre(JoinPoint joinPoint,Object returnValue) {
System.out.println("洗手");
System.out.println(joinPoint.getArgs()[0]);
return "洗手";
}
}