ubuntu上虚拟机的网络实验

宿主机：ubuntu1204 desktop

虚拟机：ubuntu1204 server

虚拟化软件： virtualbox 4.1.12

虚拟机网络设置：

Adapter 1:

Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop (Bridged adapter, eth0)

宿主机eth0没插网线，利用ifconfig设置ip如下：

#ifconfig eth0 192.168.4.2/24

#ip a 

1: lo: mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 

    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 

        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN qlen 1000

    link/ether 20:6a:8a:39:70:d3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.4.3/24 brd 192.168.4.255 scope global eth0

3: wlan0: mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 20:7c:8f:61:82:27 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global wlan0

    inet6 fe80::227c:8fff:fe61:8227/64 scope link 

        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

虚拟机与宿主机的eth0桥接，虚拟机设置如下：

#ifconfig eth0 192.168.4.2/24

虚拟机ping宿主机

# ping 192.168.4.3

此处为一直等待，没有反映。

宿主机抓包显示如下：

#tcpdump -i eth0 -n

15:19:25.452878 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.4.3 tell 192.168.4.2, length 28

15:19:26.451340 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.4.3 tell 192.168.4.2, length 28

15:19:27.451419 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.4.3 tell 192.168.4.2, length 28

15:19:28.463920 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.4.3 tell 192.168.4.2, length 28

15:19:29.463457 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.4.3 tell 192.168.4.2, length 28

15:19:30.463530 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.4.3 tell 192.168.4.2, length 28

15:19:31.463691 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.4.3 tell 192.168.4.2, length 28

15:19:32.463560 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.4.3 tell 192.168.4.2, length 28

15:19:33.463584 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.4.3 tell 192.168.4.2, length 28

宿主机ping虚拟机

#ping 192.168.4.2

此处为一直等待，没有反映。

虚拟机上抓包没有任何信息：

#tcpdump -i eth0 -n

宿主机广播

#ping 192.168.4.255 -b

此处为一直等待，没有反映。

虚拟机上抓包显示如下：

tcpdump -i eth0 -n

问题：

为何对宿主机和虚拟机都进行了正确的IP设置，却不能相互ping通呢？