线程通信

在现实应用中，很多时候，都需要去控制多个线程按照一定的次序去访问同一个共享的资源，比如生产–消费的经典案例
Java中提供3个重要的方法解决线程间的通信问题，这三个方法分别是wait（）；notify（）；notifyAll（）；
下面是一个生产苹果和消费苹果的案例，每次放入篮子中5个苹果之后，再从篮子中一个个取出，再放入，再取出，依次循环4轮；

import java.util.LinkedList;

public class ProductConsumeDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Basket basket = new Basket();
        Productor productor = new Productor(basket);
        productor.start();
        Consumer consumer = new Consumer(basket);
        consumer.start();
    }

}
class Productor extends Thread{
    private Basket basket=null;
    public Productor(Basket basket) {
        this.basket=basket;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        basket.pushApple();
    }

}
class Consumer extends Thread{
    private Basket basket =null;
    public Consumer(Basket basket){
        super();
        this.basket=basket;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        basket.popApple();
    }
}
//篮子
class Basket{
    private LinkedList<Apple> basket = new LinkedList<>();
    //放四轮苹果
    public synchronized void pushApple(){
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            Apple apple = new Apple(i);
            push(apple);
        }
    }
    //取四轮苹果
    public synchronized void popApple(){
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            pop();
        }
    }
    //向篮子中放苹果,放5个，就通知消费者
    private void push(Apple apple){
        if (basket.size()==5) {
            try {
                wait();
                //wait和sleep方法的区别就是wait需要调用notify或者notifyAll方法去唤醒
                //sleep的话时间已过就会自动的醒来
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }//等待并释放当前的锁
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(500);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        basket.addFirst(apple);
        System.out.println("生产苹果："+apple.toString());
        notify();//通知消费者来消费
    }
    //从篮子中取苹果，如果篮子中苹果味0个，就通知生产者
    private  void pop(){
        LinkedList<Apple> basket2 = basket;
        if (basket2.size()==0) {
            try {
                wait();//等待生产者
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(500); //等待的时间
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        Apple apple = basket.removeFirst();
        System.out.println("吃掉苹果："+apple.toString());
        notify();  //通知生产者来生产
    }
}
//苹果类
class Apple{
    private int id;
    public Apple(int id){
        this.id = id;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return "苹果"+(id+1);
    }
}