基本
--查询oracle的当前会话数
select count(*) from v$session;
--查询oracle的当前进程数
select count(*) from v$process
--查询oracle的并发连接数
select count(*) from v$session where status='ACTIVE';
--查看不同用户的连接数
select username,count(username) from v$session where username is not null group by username;
--查看所有用户:
select * from all_users;
--查看用户或角色系统权限(直接赋值给用户或角色的系统权限):
select * from dba_sys_privs;
select * from user_sys_privs;
--查看角色(只能查看登陆用户拥有的角色)所包含的权限
select * from role_sys_privs;
--查看用户对象权限:
select * from dba_tab_privs;
select * from all_tab_privs;
select * from user_tab_privs;
--查看所有角色:
select * from dba_roles;
--查看用户或角色所拥有的角色:
select * from dba_role_privs;
select * from user_role_privs;
--查看哪些用户有sysdba或sysoper系统权限(查询时需要相应权限)
select * from V$PWFILE_USERS;
--查看用户对应的表空间
select username,default_tablespace from dba_users;
--新建表:
create table table1( id varchar(300) primary key, name varchar(200) not null);
--插入数据
insert into table1 (id,name) values ('aa','bb');
--更新数据
update table1 set id = 'bb' where id='cc';
--删除数据
delete from table1 where id ='cc';
--删除表
drop table table1;
--修改表名:
alter table table1 rename to table2;
--表数据复制:
insert into table1 (select * from table2);
--复制表结构:
create table table1 select * from table2 where 1>1;
--复制表结构和数据:
create table table1 select * from table2;
--复制指定字段:
create table table1 as select id, name from table2 where 1>1;
--条件查询:
select id,name (case gender when 0 then '男' when 1 then ‘女’ end ) gender from table1
数学函数
--绝对值:abs()
select abs(-2) value from dual; --(2)
--取整函数(大):ceil()
select ceil(-2.001) value from dual; --(-2)
--取整函数(小):floor()
select floor(-2.001) value from dual; --(-3)
--取整函数(截取):trunc()
select trunc(-2.001) value from dual; -- (-2)
--四舍五入:round()
select round(1.234564,4) value from dual; --(1.2346)
--取平方:Power(m,n)
select power(4,2) value from dual; --(16)
--取平方根:SQRT()
select sqrt(16) value from dual; --(4)
--取随机数:dbms_random(minvalue,maxvalue)
select dbms_random.value() from dual; (默认是0到1之间)
select dbms_random.value(2,4) value from dual; (2-4之间随机数)
--取符号:Sign()
select sign(-3) value from dual; --(-1)
select sign(3) value from dual; --(1)
--取集合的最大值:greatest(value)
select greatest(-1,3,5,7,9) value from dual; --(9)
--取集合的最小值:least(value)
select least(-1,3,5,7,9) value from dual; --(-1)
--处理Null值:nvl(空值,代替值)
select nvl(null,10) value from dual; --(10)
select nvl(score,10) score from student;
rownum相关
--rownum小于某个数时可以直接作为查询条件(注意oracle不支持select top)
select * from student where rownum <3;
--查询rownum大于某个数值,需要使用子查询,并且rownum需要有别名
select * from(select rownum rn ,id,name from student) where rn>2;
select * from (select rownum rn, student.* from student) where rn >3;
--区间查询
select * from (select rownum rn, student.* from student) where rn >3 and rn<6;
--排序+前n条
select * from (select rownum rn, t.* from ( select d.* from DJDRUVER d order by drivernumber)t )p where p.rn<10;
--排序+区间查询1
select * from (select rownum rn, t.* from ( select d.* from DJDRIVER d order by DJDRIVER_DRIVERTIMES)t )p where p.rn<9 and p.rn>6;
--排序+区间查询2
select * from (select rownum rn, t.* from ( select d.* from DJDRIVER d order by DJDRIVER_DRIVERTIMES)t where rownum<9 )p where p.rn>6;--效率远高于方式一
分页查询
(假设每页显示10条)
不包含排序:
--效率低
select * from (select rownum rn, d.* from DJDRIVER d )p where p.rn<=20 and p.rn>=10;
select * from (select rownum rn, d.* from DJDRIVER d )p where p.rn between 10 and 20;
--效率高
select * from (select rownum rn, d.* from DJDRIVER d where rownum<=20 )p where p.rn>=10;
包含排序:
--排序+区间查询1(效率低)
select * from (select rownum rn, t.* from ( select d.* from DJDRIVER d order by DJDRIVER_DRIVERTIMES)t )p where p.rn<=20 and p.rn>=10;
select * from (select rownum rn, t.* from ( select d.* from DJDRIVER d order by DJDRIVER_DRIVERTIMES)t )p where p.rn between 10 and 20;
--排序+区间查询2(效率高)
select * from (select rownum rn, t.* from ( select d.* from DJDRIVER d order by DJDRIVER_DRIVERTIMES)t where rownum<=20 )p where p.rn>=10;
时间处理
1. to_char和to_date基本使用
--日期
--年 yyyy yyy yy year
--月 month mm mon month
--日+星期 dd ddd(一年中第几天) dy day
--小时 hh hh24
--分 mi
--秒 ss
eg1:
select
to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')currenttime,
to_char(sysdate,'yyyy') year,
to_char(sysdate,'mm') month,
to_char(sysdate,'dd') day,
to_char(sysdate,'day') week,
to_char(sysdate,'hh24')hour,
to_char(sysdate,'mi') minute,
to_char(sysdate,'ss') second
from dual;
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/25faf42d1e012a2633c84c16e0343762.png)
eg2:
select
to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')currenttime,
to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'yyyy')year,
to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'mm')month,
to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'dd') day,
to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'day') week,
to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=American') week, --设置语言
to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'hh24')hour,
to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'mi') minute,
to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'ss') second
from dual;
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/1ec5e7c7674078d877acd5cbb7e5beba.png)
2)months_between
select months_between(to_date('03-31-2014','MM-DD-YYYY'),to_date('12-31-2013','MM-DD-YYYY')) "MONTHS"
FROM DUAL;
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/10bc81b2db79d773126a272694a3affc.png)
3)next_day
select sysdate today, next_day(sysdate,6) nextweek from dual;
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/2090e8c301c1cbe5472c3c60a86cb2cb.png)
4)时间区间
例:
select cardid, borrowdate from borrow where to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') between
to_date('2014-02-01 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') and
to_date('2014-05-01 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');
5)interval
select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') currenttime,
to_char(sysdate - interval '7' year,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalyear,
to_char(sysdate - interval '7' month,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalMonth,
to_char(sysdate - interval '7' day,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalday,
to_char(sysdate - interval '7' hour,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalHour,
to_char(sysdate - interval '7' minute,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalMinute,
to_char(sysdate - interval '7' second,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalSecond
from dual;
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/93d617825cbde0722690ec667c9668b5.png)
6)add_months
select add_months(sysdate,12) newtime from dual;
7)extract
select extract(month from sysdate) "This Month",
extract(year from add_months(sysdate,36)) " Years" from dual;
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/00d45c65278ab9581bda9784329cbd98.png)
字符函数
--字符函数
select substr('abcdefg',1,5)substr, --字符串截取
instr('abcdefg','bc') instr, --查找子串
'Hello'||'World' concat, --连接
trim(' wish ') trim, --去前后空格
rtrim('wish ') rtrim, --去后面空格
ltrim(' wish') ltrim, --去前面空格
trim(leading 'w' from 'wish') deleteprefix, --去前缀
trim(trailing 'h' from 'wish') deletetrailing, --去后缀
trim('w' from 'wish') trim1,
ascii('A') A1,
ascii('a') A2, --ascii(转换为对应的十进制数)
chr(65) C1,
chr(97) C2, --chr(十进制转对应字符)
length('abcdefg') len, --length
lower('WISH')lower,
upper('wish')upper,
initcap('wish')initcap, --大小写变换
replace('wish1','1','youhappy') replace, --替换
translate('wish1','1','y')translate, --转换,对应一位(前面的位数大于等于后面的位数)
translate('wish1','sh1','hy')translate1,
concat('11','22') concat --连接
from dual;
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/f5c22efa53a59a2d9fc207fc97c1e87c.png)
to_number
--to_number(expr)
--to_number(expr,format)
--to_number(expr,format,'nls-param')
select to_number('0123')number1, --converts a string to number
trunc(to_number('0123.123'),2) number2,
to_number('120.11','999.99') number3,
to_number('0a','xx') number4, --converts a hex number to decimal
to_number(100000,'xxxxxx') number5
from dual;
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/151f451f773399a407b408a1e60f6855.png)
聚合函数
student表如下:
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/f9510acdfbbc04ad65c26f22ab0c690a.png)
count:
--count (distinct|all)
select count(1) as count from student;--效率最高
select count(*) as count from student;
select count(distinct score) from student;
语句1结果:11
avg
--avg (distinct|all)
select avg(score) score from student;
select avg(distinct score) from student;
select classno,avg(score) score from student group by classno;
语句3输出结果:
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/c82f9dfc24b53ece7931c4e4e9994a16.png)
max
--max (distinct|all)
select max(score) from student;
select classno, max(score) score from student group by classno;
min
--min (distinct|all)
select min(score) from student;
select classno, min(score) score from student group by classno;
stddev(standard deviation)标准差
--stddev
select stddev(score) from student;
select classno, stddev(score) score from student group by classno;
sum
--sum
select sum(score) from student;
select classno, sum(score) score from student group by classno;
median--中位数
--median
select median(score) from student;
select classno, median(score) score from student group by classno;