CHAR和VARCHAR
- CHAR(50):存储文本占5个字符,MySQL会再插入45个空格符填满此列。因此一般最好用VARCHAR来存储字符串或文本值。
- VARCHAR(50):文本占5个字符,就只存储这5个字符,不会浪费空间。
插入单行 INSERT INTO
- INSERT INTO 表明(列名) VALUE(每列的值)
- DEFAULT:写入默认值
INSERT INTO customers
VALUES (
DEFAULT,
'John',
'Smith',
'1990-01-01',
NULL,
'address',
'city',
'CA',
DEFAULT)
INSERT INTO customers(
first_name,
last_name,
birth_date,
address,
city,
state)
VALUES (
'John',
'Smith',
'1990-01-01',
'address',
'city',
'CA')
插入多行
INSERT INTO shippers(name)
VALUES ('Shipper1'),
('wuxu'),
('songtuo')
INSERT INTO products
VALUES (DEFAULT, 'laote', 89, 1.34),
(DEFAULT, 'laoda', 82, 1.33),
(DEFAULT, 'laoer', 75, 1.32)
INSERT INTO products(name,
quantity_in_stock,
unit_price)
VALUES ('laote', 89, 1.34),
( 'laoda', 82, 1.33),
( 'laoer', 75, 1.32)
插入分层行 LAST_INSERT_IN()
- 获取新加记录的id:LAST_INSERT_IN()
INSERT INTO orders(customer_id,
order_date,
status)
VALUES (1, '2019-01-02', 1);
INSERT INTO order_items
VALUES (LAST_INSERT_ID(), 1, 1, 2.95),
(LAST_INSERT_ID(), 2, 1, 5.63);
创建表复制 CREAT TABLE AS
- 用CREAT TABLE AS 创建的表复制,复制的表中没有主键,也没有被标记为自动递增的列
- Truncate:右键表,使用这个工具可以清除表中所有的数据,使表变成空表
- 向表中插入数据时,可以使用选择语句(SELECT FROM WHERE)作为插入语句(INSERT INTO)的子查询进行数据的插入
CREATE TABLE orders_archived_wuxu AS
SELECT * FROM orders
INSERT INTO orders_archived_wuxu
SELECT *
FROM orders
WHERE order_date < '2019-01-01'
CREATE TABLE invoices_archived_wuxu AS
SELECT invoice_id,
number,
c.name,
invoice_total,
payment_total,
invoice_date,
due_date,
payment_date
FROM invoices
JOIN clients c USING (client_id)
WHERE payment_date IS NOT NULL;
更新单行 UPDATE…SET
UPDATE invoices
SET payment_total = 10, payment_date = '2019-03-01'
WHERE invoice_id = 1;
UPDATE invoices
SET payment_total = DEFAULT, payment_date = NULL
WHERE invoice_id = 1;
UPDATE invoices
SET payment_total = invoice_total * 0.5,
payment_date = due_date
WHERE invoice_id = 3;
更新多行
UPDATE invoices
SET payment_total = invoice_total * 0.5,
payment_date = due_date
WHERE client_id IN (3,4);
USE sql_store;
UPDATE customers
SET points = points + 50
WHERE birth_date < '1990-01-01';
在UPDATES中使用子查询【需着重复习】
USE sql_invoicing;
UPDATE invoices
SET payment_total = invoice_total * 0.5,
payment_date = due_date
WHERE client_id =
(SELECT client_id
FROM clients
WHERE name = 'Myworks')
UPDATE invoices
SET payment_total = invoice_total * 0.5,
payment_date = due_date
WHERE client_id IN
(SELECT client_id
FROM clients
WHERE state IN ('CA', 'NY'))
UPDATE orders
JOIN customers USING (customer_id)
SET comments = 'GoldenClient'
WHERE shipped_date IS NOT NULL AND points > 3000
UPDATE orders
SET comments = 'GoldenClient'
WHERE shipped_date IS NOT NULL AND
customer_id IN (
SELECT customer_id
FROM customers
WHERE points > 3000)
删除行 DELETE
DELETE FROM invoices
WHERE client_id = (
SELECT client_id
FROM clients
WHERE name = 'Myworks')
恢复数据库到原始状态
- 在IDEA中找到Project,选择对应的sql文件,双击后,CtrlA全选后执行,即可恢复数据库到原始状态。
![在这里插入图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/1b5a74abd831e92431abc7f1d93d9042.png)