Thread线程

线程是一种特殊的现象，必须由Thread类或其子（孙类来创建）：

其一，使用型构为Thread(Runnable)的构造子将一个实现了Runnable接口的对象包装成一个线程.

其二，从Thread类派生出子类并重写run方法，使用该子类创建的对象即为线程。值得注意的是Thread类已经实现了Runnable接口，因此，任何一个线程均有它的run方法，而run方法中包含了线程所要运行的代码。线程的活动由一组方法来控制。Java语言支持多个线程的同时执行，并提供多线程之间的同步机制（关键字为synchronized）。

Java 线程的优先级是一个整数，其取值范围是 1 （Thread.MIN_PRIORITY ） - 10 （Thread.MAX_PRIORITY ）。

默认情况下，每一个线程都会分配一个优先级 NORM_PRIORITY（5）。

具有较高优级的线程对程序更重要，并且应该在低优先级的线程之前分配处理器资源。但是，线程优先级不能保证线程执行的顺序，而且非常依赖于平台。

1.       通过实现Runnable 接口；

class RunnableDemo implements Runnable {
   private Thread t;
   private String threadName;
   
   RunnableDemo( String name) {
      threadName = name;
      System.out.println("Creating " +  threadName );
   }
   
   public void run() {
      System.out.println("Running " +  threadName );
      try {
         for(int i = 4; i > 0; i--) {
            System.out.println("Thread: " + threadName + ", " + i);
            // 让线程睡眠一会
            Thread.sleep(50);
         }
      }catch (InterruptedException e) {
         System.out.println("Thread " +  threadName + " interrupted.");
      }
      System.out.println("Thread " +  threadName + " exiting.");
   }
   
   public void start () {
      System.out.println("Starting " +  threadName );
      if (t == null) {
         t = new Thread (this, threadName);
         t.start ();
      }
   }
}
 
public class TestThread {
 
   public static void main(String args[]) {
      RunnableDemo R1 = new RunnableDemo( "Thread-1");
      R1.start();
      
      RunnableDemo R2 = new RunnableDemo( "Thread-2");
      R2.start();
   }   
}

Creating Thread-1
Starting Thread-1
Creating Thread-2
Starting Thread-2
Running Thread-1
Thread: Thread-1, 4
Running Thread-2
Thread: Thread-2, 4
Thread: Thread-1, 3
Thread: Thread-2, 3
Thread: Thread-1, 2
Thread: Thread-2, 2
Thread: Thread-1, 1
Thread: Thread-2, 1
Thread Thread-1 exiting.
Thread Thread-2 exiting.

2.     通过继承 Thread 类本身；

创建一个线程的第二种方法是创建一个新的类，该类继承 Thread 类，然后创建一个该类的实例。继承类必须重写 run() 方法，该方法是新线程的入口点。它也必须调用 start() 方法才能执行。该方法尽管被列为一种多线程实现方式，但是本质上也是实现了 Runnable 接口的一个实例。

class ThreadDemo extends Thread {
   private Thread t;
   private String threadName;
   
   ThreadDemo( String name) {
      threadName = name;
      System.out.println("Creating " +  threadName );
   }
   
   public void run() {
      System.out.println("Running " +  threadName );
      try {
         for(int i = 4; i > 0; i--) {
            System.out.println("Thread: " + threadName + ", " + i);
            // 让线程睡眠一会
            Thread.sleep(50);
         }
      }catch (InterruptedException e) {
         System.out.println("Thread " +  threadName + " interrupted.");
      }
      System.out.println("Thread " +  threadName + " exiting.");
   }
   
   public void start () {
      System.out.println("Starting " +  threadName );
      if (t == null) {
         t = new Thread (this, threadName);
         t.start ();
      }
   }
}
 
public class TestThread {
 
   public static void main(String args[]) {
      ThreadDemo T1 = new ThreadDemo( "Thread-1");
      T1.start();
      
      ThreadDemo T2 = new ThreadDemo( "Thread-2");
      T2.start();
   }   
}

编译以上程序运行结果如下：

Creating Thread-1
Starting Thread-1
Creating Thread-2
Starting Thread-2
Running Thread-1
Thread: Thread-1, 4
Running Thread-2
Thread: Thread-2, 4
Thread: Thread-1, 3
Thread: Thread-2, 3
Thread: Thread-1, 2
Thread: Thread-2, 2
Thread: Thread-1, 1
Thread: Thread-2, 1
Thread Thread-1 exiting.
Thread Thread-2 exiting.