std::vector::erase——vector遍历删除
vector中erase的用法
erase的函数原型有两种形式:
iterator erase(iterator position);
iterator erase(iterator first, iterator last); // 返回指向下一个元素的迭代器
在对vector进行遍历删除某个元素时,正确的使用如下:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a[4] = {1, 2, 2, 3};
vector<int> a_vec(a, a + 4);
vector<int>::iterator it;
cout << "member before erase: ";
for (it = a_vec.begin(); it != a_vec.end();) {
cout << *it << " ";
if (*it == 2) {
it = a_vec.erase(it);
} else {
it++;
}
}
cout << endl;
cout << "member after erase: ";
for (it = a_vec.begin(); it != a_vec.end(); it++) {
cout << *it <<" ";
}
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
输出结果:
member before erase: 1 2 2 3
member after erase: 1 3
如果采用下面这种方式会出现异常
异常1:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a[4] = {1, 2, 2, 3};
vector<int> a_vec(a, a + 4);
vector<int>::iterator it;
cout << "member before erase: ";
for (it = a_vec.begin(); it != a_vec.end(); it++) {
cout << *it << " ";
if (*it == 2) {
a_vec.erase(it);
}
}
cout << endl;
cout << "member after erase: ";
for (it = a_vec.begin(); it != a_vec.end(); it++) {
cout << *it <<" ";
}
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
输出结果:
member before erase: 1 2 3
member after erase: 1 2 3
这段代码之所以错是因为假如有两个连续的元素需要删除会漏删一个
异常2:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a[4] = {1, 2, 2, 3};
vector<int> a_vec(a, a + 4);
vector<int>::iterator it;
cout << "member before erase: ";
for (it = a_vec.begin(); it != a_vec.end(); it++) {
cout << *it << " ";
/*if (*it == 2) {
it = a_vec.erase(it);
} else {
it++;
}*/
if (*it == 3) {
a_vec.erase(it);
}
}
cout << endl;
cout << "member after erase: ";
for (it = a_vec.begin(); it != a_vec.end(); it++) {
cout << *it <<" ";
}
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
假如被删除的元素是vector的最后一个元素会出现野指针。
这里我们尝试一下把所有的iterator的地址打印出来,0x30表示地址的后16bit
0x30(1) == 0x34(2) == 0x38(3) == 0x3C(end)
找到2的时候,it指向地址0x34,调用erase删除这个节点后,内存中存放就变成了如下这个样子
0x30(1) == 0x34(3) <- it == 0x38(end) ====
由于vector中存放的内容在地址上必须是连续的,所以实际上所有后面的元素都往前移了一个位置。
而迭代器it这个时候还是指向原来的0x34的位置,所以下一次for循环it就会指向end了。
所以在实际编码过程中要避免这种实现方式,因为如果找到你想删除的元素的时候it已经指向了最后元素了;删除了这个元素以后,it就会变成一个野指针,for循环会变成死循环。
如果要删除一个vector容器中相同的数据:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main() {
vector<int> vec = {1, 1, 4, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 5, 1, 5, 3, 6, 4, 3};
vector<int>::iterator it;
vector<int>::iterator it2;
cout << "member before erase: " << endl;
for (it = vec.begin(); it != vec.end() - 1 ;) {
cout << *it << " ";
for (it2 = it + 1; it2 != vec.end();) {
if (*it == *it2) {
it2 = vec.erase(it2);
} else {
it2++;
}
}
it++;
}
cout << endl;
cout << "member after erase: " << endl;
for (it = vec.begin(); it != vec.end(); it++) {
cout << *it <<" ";
}
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
运行结果:
member before erase:
1 4 2 5 3
member after erase:
1 4 2 5 3 6