在多线程编程中,有时候修改公共数据的情况比较少,而读取数据的情况比较多,这就是读写者模型了。读写者模型中的“321”:
三种关系——写者与写者之间为互斥关系,写者与读者为互斥同步关系,读者与读者之间无关系。
两种角色——读者与写者。
一个公共场所。
用读写锁可以很好的解决读写者问题。读写锁是一种自旋锁,其行为有:
读写锁接口:
初始化与销毁:
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_rwlock_init(pthread_rwlock_t *restrict rwlock,const pthread_rwlockattr_t *restrict attr);
int pthread_rwlock_destroy(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);
返回值:成功返回0,失败返回错误编码。
加锁与解锁:
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_rwlock_rdlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);
int pthread_rwlock_wrlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);
int pthread_rwlock_unlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);
返回值:成功返回0,失败返回错误编码。
读写者模型代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define RDSIZE 5
#define WRSIZE 3
pthread_rwlock_t rwlock;
int counter = 0;
void *route_read(void *arg)
{
int i = (int)arg;
while(1)
{
pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&rwlock);
printf("read %d: %#X, counter = %d\n", i, pthread_self(), counter);
pthread_rwlock_unlock(&rwlock);
usleep(900);
}
}
void *route_write(void *arg)
{
int i = (int)arg;
int t = 0;
while(1)
{
usleep(1000);
t = counter;
pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&rwlock);
printf("write %d: %#X, counter = %d, ++counter = %d\n", i, pthread_self(), t, ++counter);
pthread_rwlock_unlock(&rwlock);
usleep(5000);
}
}
int main(void)
{
pthread_t tid[RDSIZE+WRSIZE];
pthread_rwlock_init(&rwlock, NULL);
int i = 0;
for(; i < RDSIZE; i++)
pthread_create(tid+i, NULL, route_read, (void*)i);
for(i = 0; i < WRSIZE; i++)
pthread_create(tid+RDSIZE+i, NULL, route_write, (void*)i);
for(i = 0; i < RDSIZE+WRSIZE; i++)
pthread_join(tid[i], NULL);
pthread_rwlock_destroy(&rwlock);
return 0;
}