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微软提供的调试工具： Introduction to Debugging This documentation describes the use of four Microsoft® debuggers: CDB, NTSD, KD, and WinDbg. It also describes the use of several other debugging tools. These debugging tools are fully capable of running on all NT-based operating systems (Microsoft Windows NT® 4.0, Microsoft Windows® 2000, Windows XP, and Microsoft Windows Server™ 2003), and running on an x86, Intel Itanium, or AMD64 processor. These tools are also fully capable of debugging these Windows operating systems and processors, as well as all applications, services, and drivers that run on these systems. All of these debugging tools are installed as part of the Debugging Tools for Windows package. For a full list of the tools in this package and where they are documented, see List of Tools and Documentation. Note CDB and NTSD are virtually identical. In this documentation, whenever a reference is made to "CDB", it applies to both CDB and NTSD. When these two debuggers differ, it is noted. (See CDB and NTSD for details.) Note that an additional copy of NTSD resides in the system32 directory of Microsoft® Windows®. The version of the documentation you are reading matches the version of NTSD that was installed with the Debugging Tools for Windows package — it might not match the version of NTSD installed with Windows. This package comes in three versions: a 32-bit version for x86 binaries, a 64-bit version for Itanium binaries, and a 64-bit version for AMD64 binaries. Since debugging always involves multiple applications or multiple operating systems, choosing between these packages is not as straightforward as it is with other applications. See Choosing Between the 32-bit and 64-bit Packages for details. For debugging on Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows Millennium Edition, you should use the WDeb family of debuggers (for example, wdeb386.exe), or the Microsoft Windows System Debugger (debugger.exe). See the Windows Millennium Edition DDK for more information on these tools. The Microsoft Visual Studio® debugger is also capable of debugging user-mode programs on all Windows operating systems. Refer to the Visual Studio documentation for details on this debugger.