长文慎点，Java学习笔记（一）

这只是一篇我自己学习java的流水账笔记，包含了以下内容，全是基础代码示例，希望对正在学习java的小伙伴有帮助

• 基础类型转换: The convertion of basic data types
• 字符串统计: String counting functions
• 冒泡排序，选择排序，二分法查找：bubbleSort , selectionSort & binarySearch
• 打印文件树：Listing files tree of a path typed from command line
• java流的基本操作：Java Input/Output stream

The convertion of basic data types

char to int

When converting a char into an int , you`ll get the ASCII value of a character.

• Convert character to ASCII

int ascii = (int)char;

• Convert ASCII to character
  ascii is an int below

char char = (char)ascii;

• Example code

public class CharToAscii{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        System.out.println(charToAscii('a'));//97
        System.out.println(asciiToChar(97));//a
    }
     
    public static int charToAscii(char c){
        int ascii = c;
        return ascii;
    }
     
    public static char asciiToChar(int ascii){
        char c = (char)ascii;
        return c;
    }
}

String counting functions

First String counting

How to count a string : How many uppercase letters , lowercase letters and other symbols ? Like this:

String str = "AqSwDeFrGtgHJhhhKgfgf!@#$%^7898754";/* How many uppercase letters 
 
lowercase letters and other symbols here ? */

Here are 3 ways to do it:

• Function_1:There`s a tip about basic data convertion char to int

public static void fun_1(String s){
 
    int lCount = 0, uCount = 0, oCount = 0;
     
    for (int i = 0;i < s.length();i++){
     
        char c = s.charAt(i);
         
        if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z'){//char to ascii
         
            lCount++;
             
        }else if(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'){
         
            uCount++;
             
        } else{
         
            oCount++;
             
        };
                     
    }
    System.out.println
    ("There are " + lCount + "uppercase letters!" );
     
    System.out.println
    ("There are " + uCount + "lowercase letters!" );
     
    System.out.println
    ("There are " + oCount + "other symbols!" );
     
     
}

• Function_2:Class String has the indexOf() methods

public static void fun_2(String s){
 
    String lower = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
     
    String upper = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPKQSTUVWXYZ";
     
    int lCount = 0, uCount = 0, oCount = 0;
     
    for (int i = 0;i < s.length();i++){
     
        char c = s.charAt(i);
         
        if ( lower.indexOf(c) != -1 ){
         
            lCount++;
             
        }else if(upper.indexOf(c) != -1){
         
            uCount++;
             
        } else{
         
            oCount++;
        };
                     
    }
    System.out.println
    ("There are " + lCount + "uppercase letters!" );
     
    System.out.println
    ("There are " + lCount + "lowercase letters!" );
     
    System.out.println
    ("There are " + lCount + "other symbols!" );
}

• Function_3:Using the charAt() , Character.isUpperCase() and Character.isLowerCase() method

public static void fun_3(String s){
    int lCount = 0, uCount = 0, oCount = 0;
    for (int i = 0;i < s.length();i++){
        char c = s.charAt(i);
        if (Character.isLowerCase(c)){
            lCount++;
        }else if(Character.isUpperCase(c)){
            uCount++;
        } else{
            oCount++;
        };
                 
    }
    System.out.println
    ("There are " + lCount + "uppercase letters!" );
    System.out.println
    ("There are " + lCount + "lowercase letters!" );
    System.out.println
    ("There are " + lCount + "other symbols!" );
}  

Second String counting

How to count a string : How many String pointed here? Like this:

String str = "javartyjojavayyuhujavatyuuhueuhdjavajiiuhdsuhjava";
 
String s   ="java"// How many s in str ?

Here are 2 ways to do it:

• Function_1: 3 methods here : substring() , equals() , indexOf()

public static void fun_1(String str , String s){
    int Count = 0, restore = 0,index = 0;
    String s_start = str.substring(0,s.length());
    if(s_start.equals(s)){Count = 1;}
    while(index != -1 ){
        index = str.indexOf(s , s.length() + restore);
        if( index >= 0 ){ Count++; }
        restore = index;
    }
    System.out.println
    ("\""+ s + "\"" + " appears "+ Count +"times");
}

• Function_2: 2 methods here : substring() , indexOf()

public static void fun_2(String str , String s){
    int Count = 0,index = -1;
    while( (index = str.indexOf(s)) != -1){
        str = str.substring(index + s.length());
        Count ++;
    }
     
    System.out.println
    ("\""+ s + "\"" + " appears "+ Count +"times");
}

bubbleSort , selectionSort & binarySearch

The source code here

public class Test{
    public static void main(String[] args){
         
        Date[] d = new Date[4];
        d[0] = new Date(1994,8,20); 
        d[1] = new Date(1992,7,12); 
        d[2] = new Date(2016,8,20); 
        d[3] = new Date(1990,6,23);
        Date ds = new Date(2016,8,20);
        System.out.println("Original:");
        print(d);
        System.out.println("class Date serached:"+ds);
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("selectionSort below:");
        selectionSort(d);
        print(d);
        System.out.println("index searched below:");
        System.out.println
        (binarySearch(d,ds));
        System.out.println("bubbleSort below:");
        bubbleSort(d);
        print(d);
        System.out.println("index searched below:");
        System.out.println
        (binarySearch(d,ds));
         
    }
     
     
    public static void print(Date[] date){
        for(int i = 0;i < date.length;i++){
            System.out.println(date[i]);
        }
    }
     
     
    public static void selectionSort(Date[] date){
        Date temp;
        for (int i = 0;i < date.length ; i++ ){
            for (int j = i;j < date.length; j++ ){
                if( date[i].compare(date[j]) > 0 ){
                    temp = date[i];
                    date[i] = date[j];
                    date[j] = temp;
                }
            }
        }
         
    }
     
     
    public static void bubbleSort(Date[] date){
        Date temp;
        for (int i = date.length - 1;i > 0 ;i-- ){
            for (int j = 0;j < i;j++){
                if( date[j].compare(date[j+1]) > 0 ){
                    temp = date[j];
                    date[j] = date[j+1];
                    date[j+1] = temp;
                }
            }
        }
    }
     
     
    public static int binarySearch(Date[] date,Date d){
        if (date.length == 0){return -1;}
        int startPos = 0;
        int endPos = date.length - 1;
        int middlePos = (startPos + endPos)/2;
        while (startPos <= endPos ){
            if (d.compare(date[middlePos]) == 0){
                return middlePos;
            }
            if (d.compare(date[middlePos]) > 0){
                startPos = middlePos + 1;
            }
            if (d.compare(date[middlePos]) < 0){
                endPos = middlePos - 1; 
            }
            middlePos = (startPos + endPos)/2;
        }
        return -1;
         
    }
     
     
     
}
 
 
class Date{
    private int day,month,year;
    Date(int y,int m,int d){
        this.year = y;
        this.month = m;
        this.day = d;
    }
     
    public int compare(Date date){//ternary operator
        return
         year > date.year ? 1
        :year < date.year ? -1
        :month > date.month ? 1
        :month < date.month ? -1
        :day > date.day ? 1
        :day < date.day ? -1 : 0;
    }
     
    public String toString(){//class Object method toString()
        String s = new String(year+"-"+ month+"-"+ day);
        return s;
    }
     
}

Listing files tree of a path typed from command line

import java.io.*;
public class ListFilesTree{
    public static void main(String[] args){//reading a path from command line
        String path = args[0].replace(File.separatorChar,'/'); 
        //converting separator
         
        File file = new File(path);
        fileTree(file,0);
    }
     
    public static void fileTree(File f,int level){//level denotes the depth of path
         
        String preStr = "";
        for (int i = 0;i < level;i++){
            preStr += "---|";
        }
         
        File[] flist = f.listFiles();
        for (int i = 0;i < flist.length;i++){
            System.out.println(preStr + flist[i]);
            if( flist[i].isDirectory() ){
                fileTree(flist[i],level + 1);/*calling the 
                fileTree itself is a recursion 
                level increase 1 when calling fileTree everytime 
                */
            }
        }
    }
}

Java Input/Output stream

• FileInputStream & FileOutputStream

import java.io.*;
public class TestFileOutputStream{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        int b = 0;
        FileInputStream in = null;
        FileOutputStream out = null;
        String inPath = 
        "D:\\Important files\\JAVA\\practice\\IO\\TestFileOutputStream.java";
        String outPath = 
        "D:\\Important files\\JAVA\\practice\\IO\\CopyTestFileOutputStream.java";
        try{
        in = new FileInputStream(inPath.replace(File.separatorChar,'/'));
        out = new FileOutputStream(outPath.replace(File.separatorChar,'/'));
        while ( (b = in.read()) != -1){
            out.write(b);
            System.out.print((char)b);
        }
        in.close();out.close();
        }catch(FileNotFoundException e){
            System.out.println("File not found!");
            System.exit(-1);
        }catch (IOException e1){
            System.out.println("io error!");
            System.exit(-1);
        }
        System.out.println("文件已经复制");
    }
}

• FileReader & FileWriter

import java.io.*;
public class TestFileReader{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        int c = 0;
        FileReader fr = null;
        FileWriter fw = null;
        String frPath = 
        "D:\\Important files\\JAVA\\practice\\IO\\TestFileReader.java";
        String fwPath = 
        "D:\\Important files\\JAVA\\practice\\IO\\copyTestFileReader.java";
        try{
            fr = new FileReader(frPath.replace(File.separatorChar,'/'));
            fw = new FileWriter(fwPath.replace(File.separatorChar,'/'));
            while ((c = fr.read()) != -1 ){
                fw.write(c);
                System.out.print((char)c);
            }
            fr.close();
            fw.close();
        }catch(FileNotFoundException e){
                 
                System.out.println("文件找不到！");
                System.exit(-1);
        }catch(IOException e1){
                System.out.println("文件错误！");
                System.exit(-1);
        }
        System.out.println("文件已复制！");
         
    }
}

import java.io.*;
public class TestFileWriter{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        FileWriter fw = null;
        try{
            fw = new FileWriter
            ("D:\\Important files\\JAVA\\practice\\IO\\Unicode.dat");
            for (int c = 0;c <= 50000;c++){
                fw.write(c);
            }
            fw.close();
        }catch(FileNotFoundException e){
            System.out.println("文件找不到！");
            System.exit(-1);
        }catch(IOException e1){
            System.out.println("IO错误！");
            System.exit(-1);
        }
         
    }
}

• Buffered Stream

import java.io.*;
public class TestBuffered{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        try{
            FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream
            ("D:\\Important files\\JAVA\\practice\\IO\\TestBuffered.java");
            BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(in);
            System.out.println((char)bis.read());
            System.out.println((char)bis.read());
            int c = 0;
            for(int i = 0;i <= 100 && (c = bis.read()) != -1;i++ ){
                System.out.print((char)c+"");
            }
        }catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace();}
         
    }
}

import java.io.*;
public class TestBufferWriter{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        try{
            BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter
            (new FileWriter("D:\\Important files\\JAVA\\practice\\IO\\Test\\1.txt"));
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader
            (new FileReader("D:\\Important files\\JAVA\\practice\\IO\\Test\\1.txt"));
            String s = null;
            for(int i = 0;i < 10;i++){
                s = String.valueOf(Math.random());
                bw.write(s);
                bw.newLine();
            }
            bw.flush();
            while( (s = br.readLine()) != null){
                System.out.println(s);
            }
            bw.close();br.close();
        }catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace();}
    }
}

• Converting Stream

import java.io.*;
public class Transform{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        try{
            String path = 
            "D:\\Important files\\JAVA\\practice\\IO\\Test\\transform.txt";
            OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter
            (new FileOutputStream(path));
            osw.write("output stream writer transforms the file output stream!");
            System.out.println(osw.getEncoding());
            osw.close();
            osw = new OutputStreamWriter
            ((new FileOutputStream(path,true)),"ISO8859_1");
            osw.write("output stream writer transforms the file output stream!");
            System.out.println(osw.getEncoding());
            osw.close();
        }catch(IOException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
         
    }
}

import java.io.*;
public class Transform1{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(System.in);//阻塞式的方法
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
        String s = null;
        try {
            s = br.readLine();
            while(s != null){
                if (s.equalsIgnoreCase("exit")){System.exit(-1);}
                System.out.println(s.toUpperCase());
                s = br.readLine();
            } 
            br.close();
             
        }catch(IOException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

• Data Stream

import java.io.*;
public class DataStream{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(baos);
        try {
            dos.writeDouble(Math.random());
            dos.writeBoolean(true);
            ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream
            (baos.toByteArray());
            System.out.println(bais.available());
            DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(bais);
            System.out.println(dis.readDouble());
            System.out.println(dis.readBoolean());
             
        }catch (IOException e){e.printStackTrace();}
    }
}

• Printing Stream

import java.io.*;
public class TestPrintStream1{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        String f = args[0];
        if (f != null){
            list(f,System.out);
        }
    }
     
    public static void list(String f,PrintStream ps){
        try{
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader
            (new FileReader(f));
            while( br.readLine()!= null){
                ps.println(br.readLine());
            }
            br.close();
        }catch (IOException e){e.printStackTrace();}
    }
}

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class TestPrintStream2{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader
        (new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        try{
            String s = null;
            FileWriter fw = new FileWriter
            ("D:\\Important files\\JAVA\\practice\\IO\\Test\\log.txt",true);
            PrintWriter log = new PrintWriter(fw);
            while( (s = br.readLine()) != null){
                if(s.equalsIgnoreCase("exit")) break;
                System.out.println(s.toUpperCase());
                log.println("-------");
                log.println(s.toUpperCase());
                log.flush();
            }
            log.println("===="+new Date()+"=====");
            log.flush();
            log.close();
        }catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace();}
    }
}

• Object Stream

import java.io.*;
public class TestObjectStream{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        T t = new T();
        t.i = 8;
        try{
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream
            ("D:\\Important files\\JAVA\\practice\\IO\\Test\\object.dat");
            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
            oos.writeObject(t);
            oos.flush();
            oos.close();
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream
            ("D:\\Important files\\JAVA\\practice\\IO\\Test\\object.dat");
            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);
            T tread = (T)ois.readObject();
            System.out.println
            (tread.i+" "+tread.j+" "+tread.d+" "+tread.k);
        }catch(IOException e ){e.printStackTrace();
        }catch(ClassNotFoundException e){e.printStackTrace();}
    }
}
class T implements Serializable{
    int i = 10;
    int j = 9;
    double d = 0.12324;
    transient int k = 15;
}