使用Spring MVC3构建Web应用详细教程

最新推荐文章于 2022-04-07 00:07:09 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-04-07 00:07:09 发布

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分类专栏： JAVA相关文章标签： spring mvc web autowired returning include

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本文将指导大家如何使用Spring MVC3去构建一个Web应用。在Spring MVC中，所有的用户请求都会被派发到控制器模块，控制器然后再根据业务逻辑去调用数据访问层获得数据，最后通过JSP视图返回。

　　在动手之前，我们先准备好我们的环境，需要的是JDK 1.5以上以及Eclipse IDE，当然还要下载最新版本的Spring 3，本文还要下载最新版本的ant,以便我们学习如何通过ant去构建应用。

　　Spring MVC3构建Web应用第一步

　　首先在Eclipse中利用新建菜单，建立一个Dynamic Web Project(动态Web工程),命名为SampleSpringMVC,接下来，我们要建立一个ant.xml的文件，这个文件会方便我们把做好的程序打包成war文件，这个可以有如下几步去实现：

　　1、点文件—新建—文件，如下图：

使用Spring MVC3构建Web应用

　　2、输入ant.xml作为文件名，并点完成。如下图：

使用Spring MVC3构建Web应用

　　3、打开ant.xml文件，编辑内容如下：

<? xml version = " 1.0 " ?>
2

4

< project name = " SampleSpringMVC " basedir = " . " default = " build " >
6

< property file = " ant.properties " />
7

< property name = " src.dir " value = " src " />
8

< property name = " war.dir " value = " war " />
9

< property name = " build.dir " value = " ${war.dir}/WEB-INF/classes " />
10

< property name = " deploy.path " value = " ${tomcat.home}/webapps " />
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< property name = " name " value = " SampleSpringMVC " />
12

< path id = " master-classpath " >
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< fileset dir = " ${war.dir}/WEB-INF/lib " >
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< include name = " *.jar " />
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</ fileset >
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< fileset dir = " ${tomcat.home}/lib " >
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< include name = " servlet*.jar " />
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</ fileset >
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< pathelement path = " ${build.dir} " />
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</ path >
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< target name = " build " description = " Compile main source tree java files " >
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< echo > Building... </ echo >
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< mkdir dir = " ${build.dir} " />
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< javac destdir = " ${build.dir} " failonerror = " true " >
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< src path = " ${src.dir} " />
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< classpath refid = " master-classpath " />
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</ javac >
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</ target >
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< target name = " war-archiving " >
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< echo > Archiving... </ echo >
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< war destfile = " ${name}.war " webxml = " ${war.dir}/WEB-INF/web.xml " >
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< fileset dir = " ${war.dir} " >
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< include name = " **/*.* " />
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</ fileset >
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</ war >
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</ target >
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< target name = " deploy " depends = " build " >
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< echo > Deploying... </ echo >
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< copy todir = " ${deploy.path} " >
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< fileset dir = " . " >
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< include name = " *.war " />
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</ fileset >
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</ copy >
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</ target >
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</ project >

　　Spring MVC3构建Web应用第二步

　　建立一个ant.properties文件，该文件会存放一些值的属性，并且这些值也会是ant.xml中用到的。请按如下步骤实现：

　　1)点文件—新建-文件

　　2) 将文件命名为ant.properties,并点完成，如下图：

Spring MVC3构建Web应用第二步

　　3)打开ant.properties,修改tomcat.home的目录为你安装tomcat的实际目录。

tomcat.home = C: / Tools / apache - tomcat - 6.0 . 2
2

tomcat.lib = $ {tomcat.home} / lib

　　下载下面列表的.jar文件，并放到SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF/lib下。

commons - logging.jar
2

jstl - api - 1.2 .jar
3

jstl.jar
4

org.springframework.asm - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
5

org.springframework.beans - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
6

org.springframework.context - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
7

org.springframework.core - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
8

org.springframework.expression - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
9

org.springframework.web - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
10

org.springframework.web.servlet - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
11

standard.jar

　　按如下修改web.xml：

2

< web - app id = " WebApp_ID " version = " 2.4 "
4

xmlns = " http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee " xmlns:xsi = " http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance "
5

xsi:schemaLocation = " http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd " >
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< display - name > SampleSpringMVC </ display - name >
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< servlet >
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< servlet - name > SampleSpringMVC </ servlet - name >
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< servlet - class > org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </ servlet - class >
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< load - on - startup > 1 </ load - on - startup >
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</ servlet >
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< servlet - mapping >
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< servlet - name > SampleSpringMVC </ servlet - name >
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< url - pattern >* .htm </ url - pattern >
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</ servlet - mapping >
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< welcome - file - list >
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< welcome - file > index.jsp </ welcome - file >
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</ welcome - file - list >
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</ web - app >

　　创建index.jsp,这个只需要在war/WEB-INF下建立即可，并且将内容设置为如下：

<% @ page language = " java " session = " false " contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 " %>
2

<% @ taglib prefix = " c " uri = " http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core " %>
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< html >
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< head >
5

< title > Adobocode : Sample Spring MVC </ title >
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</ head >
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< body >
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< h2 > Adobocode : Hello World </ h2 >
9

< br />
10

< a href = " <c:url value= " personDisplay.htm " /> " > Person List </ a >
11

</ body >
12

</ html >

　　Spring MVC3构建Web应用第三步

　　在SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF中建立文件SampleSpringMVC-servlet.xml，并将内容修改如下：

<? xml version = " 1.0 " encoding = " UTF-8 " ?>
2

4

< beans xmlns = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans "
6

xmlns:xsi = " http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance "
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xmlns:p = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/p "
8

xmlns:context = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/context "
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xsi:schemaLocation = "
10

http: // www.springframework.org/schema/beans
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http: // www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
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http: // www.springframework.org/schema/context
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http: // www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
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< bean class = " org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping " />
20

< bean class = " org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter " />
22

< context:component - scan base - package = " paul.sydney.controller " />
24

< context:component - scan base - package = " paul.sydney.service " />
26

< bean id = " viewResolver " class = " org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver " >
28

< property name = " viewClass " >< value > org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView </ value ></ property >
29

< property name = " prefix " >< value >/ WEB - INF / jsp /</ value ></ property >
30

< property name = " suffix " >< value > .jsp </ value ></ property >
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</ bean >
32

</ beans >

　　这里，我们利用了spring 3 mvc的新特性，自动扫描，通过context:component-scan base-package，设置了paul.syney.controller和paul.sydney.service两个包下的文件只要使用spring 3的标准注释都可以被扫描到。

　　在SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF下建立目录jsp;

　　在SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF下建立目录classes;

　　在SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF/jsp下建立一个新的jsp文件叫personDisplay，并写入如下代码：

2

<% @ page language = " java " session = " false "
4

contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 " %>
5

<% @ taglib uri = " http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core " prefix = " c " %>
6

< jsp:useBean id = " personList " scope = " request " type = " java.util.List " />
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< html >
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< head >
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< title > Adobocode : Sample Spring MVC using JSTL iteration </ title >
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</ head >
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< body >
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< h2 > Adobocode : Person List </ h2 >
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< table border = " 1 " >
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< tr >
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< th > Id </ th >
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< th > Name </ th >
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< th > Age </ th >
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< th > Address </ th >
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</ tr >
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< c:forEach var = " p " items = " ${personList} " >
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< tr >
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< td >
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< c:url var = " editUrl " value = " personForm.htm " >
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< c:param name = " personId " value = " ${p.id} " />
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</ c:url >
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< a href = ' <c:out value="${editUrl}"/> ' > $ {p.id} </ a >
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</ td >
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< td > $ {p.name} </ td >
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< td > $ {p.age} </ td >
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< td > $ {p.address} </ td >
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</ tr >
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</ c:forEach >
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</ table >
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</ body >

　　在SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF/jsp下建立一个新的jsp文件叫personForm，修改代码如下：

2

<% @ page language = " java " session = " false " contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 " %>
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<% @ taglib prefix = " spring " uri = " http://www.springframework.org/tags " %>
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<% @ taglib prefix = " form " uri = " http://www.springframework.org/tags/form " %>
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< html >
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< head >
8

< title > Adobocode : Sample Spring MVC using Forms </ title >
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</ head >
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< body >
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< h2 > Adobocode : Person Form </ h2 >
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< form:form modelAttribute = " person " >
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< form:hidden path = " id " />
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< fieldset >
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< table >
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< tr >
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< td > Name </ td >
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< td >< form:input path = " name " /></ td >
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</ tr >
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< tr >
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< td > Age </ td >
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< td >< form:input path = " age " /></ td >
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</ tr >
25

< tr >
26

< td > Address </ td >
27

< td >< form:input path = " address " /></ td >
28

</ tr >
29

< tr >
30

< td ></ td >
31

< td >
32

< input type = " submit " id = " save " name = " _eventId_save " value = " Save " />
33

< input type = " submit " onClick = " history.go(-1); " name = " _eventId_cancel " value = " Cancel " />
34

</ td >
35

</ tr >
36

</ table >
37

</ fieldset >
38

</ form:form >
39

</ body >
40

</ html >

　　Spring MVC3构建Web应用第四步

　　现在我们开始设计控制器，鼠标右击src目录，选择新建-包，如下图：

Spring MVC3构建Web应用第四步

　　并将包的名命名为paul.sydney.controller，在这个包中，新建立一个类，命名为PersonDisplay，将代码修改如下：

package paul.sydney.controller;
2

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
4

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
5

import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
6

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
7

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
8

import paul.sydney.service.DummyService;
10

/**
12

* PersonDisplay class, display controller for the 'personDisplay.jsp'
13

* Copyright : adobocode.com , 2010
14

* @author Paul Sydney Orozco xtrycatchx@gmail.com
15

*
16

*/
17

@Controller
18

public class PersonDisplay {
19

private final DummyService dummyService;
21

@Autowired
23

public PersonDisplay(DummyService dummyService) {
24

this.dummyService = dummyService;
25

}
26

@RequestMapping("/personDisplay.htm")
28

public ModelMap defaultHandler() {
29

return new ModelMap("personList", this.dummyService.getDummyList());
30

}
31

}

　　这里，使用注解@Controller表示这个是一个控制器，而 @RequestMapping("/personDisplay.htm")则表示对于personDisplay.htm这样的请求，使用defaultHandler这个方法去处理。而在defaultHandler中，又调用了逻辑服务层的

　　dummyService.getDummyList()方法获得人员列表，最后把列表存放到一个ModelMap中去(可以先理解为Map的一种数据结构)。

　　同样地，在paul.sydney.controller包中，新建一个类PersonForm，并将代码修改如下：

package paul.sydney.controller;
2

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
4

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
5

import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
6

import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
7

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
8

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
9

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
10

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
11

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes;
12

import org.springframework.web.bind.support.SessionStatus;
13

import paul.sydney.model.Person;
15

import paul.sydney.service.DummyService;
16

@Controller
17

@RequestMapping( " /personForm.htm " )
18

@SessionAttributes( " person " )
19

public class PersonForm {
20

private final DummyService dummyService;
22

@Autowired
24

public PersonForm(DummyService dummyService) {
25

this.dummyService = dummyService;
26

}
27

@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
29

public String setupForm(@RequestParam("personId") int id, ModelMap model) {
30

Person person = this.dummyService.retrievePerson(id);
31

model.addAttribute("person", person);
32

return "personForm";
33

}
34

@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
36

public String processSubmit(@ModelAttribute("person") Person person, BindingResult result, SessionStatus status) {
37

this.dummyService.savePerson(person);
38

status.setComplete();
39

return "redirect:personDisplay.htm";
40

}
41

}

　　这里，首先通过依赖注入，注入了服务层逻辑dummyService，然后在setupForm中，根据传入的参数personId，通过服务层逻辑dummyService找出这个人，然后将其保存到一个Model中去，返回给视图层personForm.jsp显示;而processSubmit是调用服务层逻辑保存用户的资料(通过this.dummyService.savePerson(person)实现),最后使用redirect跳转到personDisplay.htm。

　　Spring MVC3构建Web应用第五步

　　构建业务实体模型。在src目录中，新建包命名为paul.sydney.model，在这个包下，再新建一个实体类，命名为Person，修改代码如下：

package paul.sydney.model;
2

/**
4

* @author Paul Sydney Orozco xtrycatchx@gmail.com
6

*/
7

public class Person {
8

private int id;
10

private String name;
11

private int age;
12

private String address;
13

public int getId() {
15

return id;
16

}
17

public void setId(int id) {
18

this.id = id;
19

}
20

public String getName() {
22

return name;
23

}
24

public void setName(String name) {
25

this.name = name;
26

}
27

public int getAge() {
28

return age;
29

}
30

public void setAge(int age) {
31

this.age = age;
32

}
33

public String getAddress() {
34

return address;
35

}
36

public void setAddress(String address) {
37

this.address = address;
38

}
39

@Override
41

public String toString(){
42

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
43

sb.append("\nname : " + this.name);
44

sb.append("\nage : " + this.age);
45

sb.append("\naddress : " + this.address);
46

return sb.toString();
47

}
49

}

　　构建业务逻辑层。同样在src目录下新建一个包，命名为paul.sydney.service，并且新建一个类DummyService，代码如下：

paul.sydney.service;
2

import java.util.ArrayList;
4

import paul.sydney.model.Person;
6

import java.util.List;
8

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
10

/**
12

* @author Paul Sydney Orozco xtrycatchx@gmail.com
14

*/
15

@Service
16

public class DummyService {
17

/**
19

* This method supposed to be returning a Collection of Person objects from a DAO layer
20

* For this tutorial, let us just hard-code this List of Person objects
21

*/
22

public List<Person> getDummyList() {
23

List<Person> list = new ArrayList<Person>();
24

Person p1 = new Person();
25

p1.setId(12345);
26

p1.setName("Paul");
27

p1.setAge(27);
28

p1.setAddress("Dalaguete, Cebu");
29

Person p2 = new Person();
31

p2.setId(54321);
32

p2.setName("Sydney");
33

p2.setAge(25);
34

p2.setAddress("Cebu City");
35

list.add(p1);
37

list.add(p2);
38

return list;
39

}
40

/**
42

* This method supposed to be returning Person object from a DAO layer
43

* For this tutorial, let us just hard-code the Person instance
44

*/
45

public Person retrievePerson(int id) {
46

Person person = new Person();
47

person.setId(56789);
48

person.setName("Nikki");
49

person.setAge(63);
50

person.setAddress("Dalaguete, Cebu");
51

return person;
52

}
53

/**
55

* This method supposed to be persisting the passed Person object
56

* For this tutorial, let us include the persisting DAO layer
57

* and assume the method successful saved or updated the Person object
58

*/
59

public void savePerson(Person person) {
60

System.out.println("\n\nSaving" + person);
61

}
62

}

　　在这里，只是简单的在一个List中存放了多个person对象而已。

　　最后，项目的结构如下图：

Spring MVC3构建Web应用第五步

　　接着，我们右击ant.xml，选择Run As->Ant Build,如下图：

Spring MVC3构建Web应用第五步

　　Spring MVC3构建Web应用第六步

　　接着在编辑对话菜单中，记得选择build,war-archiving及deploy，如下图：

Spring MVC3构建Web应用第六步

　　最后点RUN，运行脚本，然后我们就可以在浏览器中运行了，如下图：

Spring MVC3构建Web应用第六步

　　点Person List,可以看到如下的人员列表：

Spring MVC3构建Web应用第六步

　　点其中的一个ID，可以进入如下页面：

Spring MVC3构建Web应用第六步

　　这里可以修改个人信息，并点保存，跳转到人员列表页面，并可以看到所做的更改。

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