Springmvc学习日记-乱码处理

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-20 18:57:08 发布

xxb249

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-20 18:57:08 发布

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分类专栏： # SpringMvc 文章标签： springmvc 乱码解决方式

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xxb249/article/details/122236537

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乱码问题是伴随整个web开发项目，任何人都会遇到，所以这里将处理乱码方式详细记录一下。无论是get请求还是post请求都会产生乱码，对于get请求，可以通过修改tomcat配置文件一次性解决，但是post请求不行，具体可以参考如下内容。

一、GET请求的乱码

在tomcat7中在默认配置server.xml下，GET请求会出现乱码，在tomcat8中不会出现乱码。这个地方有一点点区别。

解决tomcat7 GET请求乱码，修改tomcat7中conf/server.xml文件，增加URIEncoding="UTF-8"配置项，具体如下：

<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
           connectionTimeout="20000"
           redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8" />

二、原生Servlet处理POST请求乱码

2.1、通过Servlet Request/Response接口

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("doPost....");
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        Integer age = Integer.valueOf(req.getParameter("age"));

        req.setAttribute("username", username);
        req.setAttribute("password", password);
        req.setAttribute("age", age);
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp").forward(req, resp);
    }
}

2.2、通过Filter过滤器

首先，实现Filter接口

//实现Filter接口
public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

其次，配置过滤器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!-- 配置Servlet -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.example.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!-- 配置过滤器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.example.filter.EncodingFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

最后，处理请求，可见是直接获取参数

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        Integer age = Integer.valueOf(req.getParameter("age"));

        req.setAttribute("username", username);
        req.setAttribute("password", password);
        req.setAttribute("age", age);
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp").forward(req, resp);
    }
}

2.3、通过ServletRequestListener监听器

首先，实现ServletRequestListener接口

public class RequestListenerHandler implements ServletRequestListener {
    @Override
    public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent sre) {

    }

    @Override
    public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent sre) {
        try {
            sre.getServletRequest().setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

其次，在web.xml中注册listener（这里没有过滤器配置）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!-- 配置Servlet -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.example.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.example.listener.RequestListenerHandler</listener-class>
    </listener>
</web-app>

最后，Servlet处理

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        Integer age = Integer.valueOf(req.getParameter("age"));

        req.setAttribute("username", username);
        req.setAttribute("password", password);
        req.setAttribute("age", age);
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp").forward(req, resp);
    }
}

其中前两种比较常见，这里简单说一下第三种，第三种方式不常用，了解即可。

1）第三种方式，主要利用Servlet提供Listener接口，每次创建请求的时候都会被调用，而且Listen接口要早于Filter接口线支持。Servlet执行顺序：监听器，过滤器，Servlet

2）通过listener接口可知，我们没有办法获取到response对象，也就没有办法设置response编码格式，需要在处理的时候单独处理一下

3）对于response乱码，我们需要通常需要设置这两个

resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");  //告诉Servlet，按照utf-8编码字节流
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");  //告诉浏览器，按照utf-8编码显示

三、SpringMvc处理POST请求乱码

Servlet解决乱码有一个前提：设置编码之前一定要在获取参数之前设置，否则是无效的。例如下面代码对是无效的：

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(String username, HttpServletRequest request) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); //形参username是从request中获取的，此处在设置编码也是无效的，除非删除形参username
        String uname = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        Integer age = Integer.valueOf(request.getParameter("age"));
        request.setAttribute("username", uname);
        request.setAttribute("password", password);
        request.setAttribute("age", age);
        return "test";
    }

这里设置编码是在获取username参数之后，所以不能生效，除非删掉形参username，但是删掉了username之后，就又变成原生的Servlet方式，不能充分发挥SpringMvc能力。

3.1、过滤器Filter

在web.xml中配置SpringMvc提供的过滤器

    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceResponseEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(String username, String password, Integer age, Model model) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        model.addAttribute("username", username);
        model.addAttribute("password", password);
        model.addAttribute("age", age);
        return "test";
    }

3.2、拦截器HandlerInterceptor

拦截器是SpringMvc提供的，并不是Servlet的东西，拦截器与过滤器功能类似，但拦截器功能更强大一些，下面拦截器工作原理：

所以我们实现HandlerInterceptor接口后，也是可以处理乱码问题，具体如下：

public class EncodingInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {

    }
}

在springmvc.xml文件配置一下拦截器，具体如下：

    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <bean id="EncodingInterceptor" class="com.example.interceptor.EncodingInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>