if选择结构和while循环及for循环

1 if选择结构：if选择结构是根据条件判断之后再做处理的一种语法结构，语法结构如下：

                         if(条件) {

                                    代码块    //条件成立后要执行的代码，可是一条语句，也可以是一组语句

                       }   

    示例代码如下：
                public class demo1 {
                               public static void main(String[] args) {

                                            Scanner sc= new Scanner(System.in);
                                              int marks= sc.nextInt();

                                             if(marks<=100){

                                                          system.out.println("奖励一个苹果手机");

                                    }

                    }

   }

                   奇偶数判断条件（i%2==0）为偶数否则为奇数。

                  随机数关键词random t=random();

                 示例代码如下：

                                             

        public class SUIJISHU {
                   public static void main(String[] args) {
                               Random t=new Random();
                                         int i=t.nextInt(2);
                                   if(i==0){
                                             System.out.println("硬币正面"); 
                                      }else if(i==1){
                                            System.out.println("硬币反面");
                                       } 
                              }

                           }

                   复杂条件：与(&&)、或(||)、非(!)三种；

                  if else选择结构，如果不为真就ELSE
                                             如果为真就执行IF后面的语句
                                            只是分节点的选择, 不可能都执行.

                       示例代码如下：public class demo1 {
                                                       public static void main(String[] args) {
                                                                               Scanner sc= new Scanner(System.in);
                                                                                     int marks= sc.nextInt();
                                                                                      if(marks>75){
                                                                                 System.out.println("A");
   
                                                                         }else if(marks<=75&&marks>=60){
                                                                                     System.out.println("B");
                                                                          }else if(marks<60&&marks>=45){
                                                                                      System.out.println("c");
                                                                        }else if(marks<45){
                                                                                     System.out.println("D");
                                                                    }
  
                                                            }
                                                     }

                     多重if结构：  多重if执行时候，就是先执行最外层的if，若符合条件，进入，若不符合就跳出。进入第一层if后，执行，然后又遇到if，在根据if的条件进行判断，符合 就进入不符合就跳过这个if，然后依次类推，直到都执行完。

                      示例代码如下：

                                                   public class duochongif {
                                                                 public static void main(String[] args) {
                                                                                Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
                                                                                              int i=sc.nextInt();
                                                                                                     if(i>=60){
                                                                                                                   if(i<=70){
                                                                                                                       System.out.println("恭喜"); 
                                                                                                                     }
                                                                                                                  }else {
                                                                                                                           System.out.println("你没中奖");
                                                                                                                  }
 
                                                                                                           }
                                                                                              }

                                   循环三要素： (1)循环变量的初始化。

                                                      (2)循环的条件（以循环变量为基础）。

                                                     (3)循环变量的改变（向着循环结束）。

                           

                                while循环：当while循环开始后，先判断条件是否满足，如果满足就执行循环体内的语句，执行完毕后再回来判断条件是否满足，如此无限重复；直到条件不满足时，执行while循环后边的语句。

                         示例代码如下：

                                             
                                          while(i<=10)
                                           {
                                                    sum=sum+i;
                                                           i++;
                                                       }
                                     dowhil循环：先执行一次循环体语句区块，然后再判断布尔表达式的值，若值为false则跳出do-while循环，执行后面的语句；若值为true则再次执行循环  体语句区块。如此反复，直到布尔表达式的值为false，跳出do-while循环。
    do-while循环语句与while循环语句的区别仅在于do-while循环中的循环体至少执行一次，而while循环中的循环体可能一次也不执行。

                                示例代码如下：public class c3_9
                                                                         {
                                                                          public static void main(String[] args)
                                                                       {
                                                                                int n=0;
                                                                             int sum=0;
                                                                                 do{
                                                                                             n++;
                                                                                             sum+=n;
                                                                                }while(sum<=100);
                                                                                    System.out.println("sum="+sum);
                                                                                  System.out.println("n="+n);
                                                                                     }
                                                                                       }

                                                     for循环：for循环中的"初始化"、"条件表达式"和"增量"都是选择项, 即可以缺省, 但";"不能缺省。省略了初始化, 表示不对循环控制变量赋初值。 省略了条件表达式, 则不做其它处理时便成为死循环。省略了增量, 则不对循环控制变量进行操作, 这时可在语句体中加入修改循环控制变量的语句。

                                                    示例代码如下：public class Demo5 {
                                                                        public static void main(String[] args) {
                                                                                                                 double sum=1;
                                                                                                                        double b=1;
                                                                                                           for(int i=2;i<=100;i++){
                                                                                                                        if(i%2==0){
                                                                                                                         sum=sum-b/i;
                                                                                                                      }else {
                                                                                                                             sum=sum+b/i; 
                                                                                                                           }
                                                                                                                       }
                                                                                                 System.out.println(sum);
                                                                                                                     }