java 验证码那点事

好多人，用java输出验证码喜欢用 

import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGCodec;  
import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGImageEncoder;  

JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(response.getOutputStream());
encoder.encode(image); 	

但是如果你用oracle 1.637 以后的jdk 1.6或者用jdk 1.7.x你会发现 JPEGCodec, JPEGImageEncoder 已经无法导入了;

其实在oracle 收购sun 之后有了 import javax.imageio.ImageIO; 这个方法来替代原来的方法;不过如果直接用
ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", response.getOutputStream());

一般情况下不会出现问题，但是有的时候你会发现会出现一个异常：

javax.imageio.IIOException: Can't create output stream!
 at javax.imageio.ImageIO.write(ImageIO.java:1521)

这个问题出现的原因，是你吧tomcat (或者其他web容器)的缓存目录给删掉了，所以写图片文件的时候会发生IO读写错误，

解决的办法有：

1. 

ImageIO.setUseCache(true); //不使用缓存

2.

ImageIO.setUseCache(true);
ImageIO.setCacheDirectory(CommonToolsUtil.checkFileDir(FileContents.CATCHPATH));
ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", response.getOutputStream());// 将内存中的图片通过流动形式输

自己手动指定缓存目录

3.

就是把删掉的web容器的缓存目录加上。

附上一个我写的例子:

1.前台的登录:

<form action="${ctx}/submit" method="post" class="login2" οnsubmit="return submitFun(this);">
          <div class="user">
            <span class="tb">用户名：</span>
            <input id="usernameId" name="username" type="text" class="username" maxlength="20" value="" />
          </div>
          <div class="user">
            <span class="tb">密　码：</span>
            <input id="passwordId" name="password" type="password" class="keyword" maxlength="20" value="" />
          </div>
         <div class="user">
            <span class="tb">验证码：</span>
            <input id="checkId" name="check" type="text" class="yz" maxlength="4" />
            <img class="log" id="randImageId" οnclick="reloadImage()" style="width:80px;height:26px;" src="${ctx}/verify" />
          </div>
           <div class="clear"></div>
          <div align="center">
		    <input name="" type="submit" class="J_Submit" id="J_SubmitStatic" value="登陆"/>
		    <input name="" type="reset" class="J_Reset" id="J_ResetStatic" value="重置"/>
  		  </div>
       </form>

2.js验证码调用:

function reloadImage(){
	$("#randImageId").attr("src","${ctx}/verify?jasper="+new Date().getTime()); 
}

3.后台接受验证码请求:

@RequestMapping(value = "/verify")
public void verify(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
		response.setContentType("image/jpeg");// 设置相应类型,告诉浏览器输出的内容为图片
		response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");// 设置响应头信息，告诉浏览器不要缓存此内容
		response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
		response.setDateHeader("Expire", 0);
		ValidateCode randomValidateCode = new ValidateCode();
		try {
			randomValidateCode.getRandcode(request, response);// 输出图片方法
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
}

4.处理和生成验证码：

package com.shcmct.jsshxx.common;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import com.shcmct.jsshxx.utils.CommonToolsUtil;

public class ValidateCode implements Serializable {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1998838254579545736L;

	public static final String RANDOMCODEKEY = "verify";

	private Random random = new Random();

	public static Map<String, String> validataMap = Maps.newHashMap(), valicodeMap = Maps.newHashMap();

	static {
		initValiData();
	}

	// 随机产生的字符串

	/****
	 * 图片宽度，高度，干扰线大小，字符数量
	 */
	private int width = 80, height = 26, lineSize = 40;

	/*
	 * 获得字体
	 */
	private Font getFont() {
		return new Font("Fixedsys", Font.CENTER_BASELINE, 18);
	}

	/*
	 * 获得颜色
	 */
	private Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
		if (fc > 255) {
			fc = 255;
		}
		if (bc > 255) {
			bc = 255;
		}
		int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc - 16), g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc - 14), b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc - 18);
		return new Color(r, g, b);
	}

	/**
	 * 生成随机图片
	 */
	public void getRandcode(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
		HttpSession session = request.getSession();
		// BufferedImage类是具有缓冲区的Image类,Image类是用于描述图像信息的类
		BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR);
		Graphics g = image.getGraphics();// 产生Image对象的Graphics对象,改对象可以在图像上进行各种绘制操作
		g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
		g.setFont(new Font("Times New Roman", Font.ROMAN_BASELINE, 18));
		g.setColor(getRandColor(110, 133));
		// 绘制干扰线
		for (int i = 0; i <= lineSize; i++) {
			drowLine(g);
		}
		// 绘制随机字符
		String randomString = drowString(g);
		session.removeAttribute(RANDOMCODEKEY);
		session.setAttribute(RANDOMCODEKEY, randomString);
		g.dispose();
		try {
			ImageIO.setUseCache(true);
			ImageIO.setCacheDirectory(CommonToolsUtil.checkFileDir(FileContents.CATCHPATH));
			ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", response.getOutputStream());// 将内存中的图片通过流动形式输出到客户端
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	private static void initValiData() {
		validataMap.put("9+9=", "18");
		validataMap.put("7*7=", "49");
		validataMap.put("3*2=", "6");
		validataMap.put("5+3=", "8");
		validataMap.put("6*6=", "36");
		validataMap.put("5+2=", "7");
		validataMap.put("8+8=", "16");
		validataMap.put("100+1=", "101");
		validataMap.put("8-3=", "5");
		validataMap.put("3-1=", "2");
		validataMap.put("1*1=", "1");
		validataMap.put("2+1=", "3");
		Constents.validataMap.putAll(validataMap);
		AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(0);
		for (Map.Entry<String, String> tempMap : validataMap.entrySet()) {
			if (null != tempMap) {
				String valiCode = tempMap.getKey();
				valicodeMap.put(atomicInteger.toString(), valiCode);
				atomicInteger.addAndGet(1);
			}
		}
	}

	/*
	 * 绘制字符串
	 */
	private String drowString(Graphics g) {
		String randomString = "";
		g.setFont(getFont());
		g.setColor(new Color(random.nextInt(101), random.nextInt(111), random.nextInt(121)));
		int ramdom = random.nextInt(validataMap.size());
		randomString = valicodeMap.get(ramdom + "");
		g.translate(random.nextInt(3), random.nextInt(3));
		g.drawString(randomString, 13 * 2, 16);
		return randomString;
	}

	/*
	 * 绘制干扰线
	 */
	private void drowLine(Graphics g) {
		int x = random.nextInt(width), y = random.nextInt(height), xl = random.nextInt(13), yl = random.nextInt(15);
		g.drawLine(x, y, x + xl, y + yl);
	}

}

5.登录和验证码验证:

String verify = (String) WebUtils.getSessionAttribute(request, "verify"), strcheck = StringUtils.trim(check), valiData = Constents.validataMap
				.get(verify);
		request.getSession().removeAttribute("verify");
		if (!StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase(strcheck, valiData)) {
			result.put("status", 0);
			result.put("msg", "输入的验证码不匹配");
			return result;
		}