1.单表继承策略
单表继承策略,父类实体和子类实体共用一张数据库表,在表中通过一列辨别字段来区别不同类别的实体。具体做法如下:
a.在父类实体的@Entity注解下添加如下的注解:
@Inheritance(Strategy=InheritanceType.SINGLE_TABLE)
@DiscriminatorColumn(name=”辨别字段列名”)
@DiscriminatorValue(父类实体辨别字段列值)
b.在子类实体的@Entity注解下添加如下的注解:
@DiscriminatorValue(子类实体辨别字段列值)
定义了一个父类
- @Entity
- @Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.SINGLE_TABLE)
- @Table(name = "WINDOW_FILE")
- @DiscriminatorColumn(name = "DISCRIMINATOR", discriminatorType = DiscriminatorType.STRING, length = 30)
- @DiscriminatorValue("WindowFile")
- public class WindowFile {
- @Id
- @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
- private Integer id;
- @Basic
- @Column(name = "NAME")
- private String name;
- @Basic
- @Column(name = "TYPE")
- private String type;
- @Basic
- @Column(name = "DATE")
- private Date date;
- //省略get set
- }
后定义2个子类
- @Entity
- @DiscriminatorValue("Folder")
- public class Folder extends WindowFile {
- @Basic
- @Column(name = "FILE_COUNT")
- private Integer fileCount;
- //省略get set
- }
- @Entity
- @DiscriminatorValue("Document")
- public class Document extends WindowFile {
- @Basic
- @Column(name = "SIZE")
- private String size;
- //省略get set
- }
以上通过列DISCRIMINATOR的不同,区分具体父子实体。
实际表结构如下:
WINDOW_FILE DISCRIMINATOR,ID,NAME,DATE,TYPE,SIZE,FILE_COUNT
当你使用WindowFile实体时,实际表的字段为DISCRIMINATOR='WindowFile',SIZE与FILE_COUNT永远是空
当使用Folder实体时,DISCRIMINATOR='Folder',SIZE永远是空,FILE_COUNT为实际值。
Document同理,与Folder类似。
2.Joined策略
父类实体和子类实体分别对应数据库中不同的表,子类实体的表中只存在其扩展的特殊属性,父类的公共属性保存在父类实体映射表中。具体做法:
@Inheritance(Strategy=InheritanceType.JOINED)
子类实体不需要特殊说明。
- @Entity
- @Table(name = "T_ANIMAL")
- @Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.JOINED)
- public class Animal {
- @Id
- @Column(name = "ID")
- @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
- private Integer id;
- @Column(name = "NAME")
- private String name;
- @Column(name = "COLOR")
- private String color;
- //省略get set
- }
- @Entity
- @Table(name = "T_BIRD")
- @PrimaryKeyJoinColumn(name = "BIRD_ID")
- public class Bird extends Animal {
- @Column(name = "SPEED")
- private String speed;
- //省略get set
- }
- @Entity
- @Table(name = "T_DOG")
- @PrimaryKeyJoinColumn(name = "DOG_ID")
- public class Dog extends Animal {
- @Column(name = "LEGS")
- private Integer legs;
- //省略get set
- }
实际表结构如下:
T_ANIMAL ID,COLOR,NAME
T_BIRD SPEED,BIRD(既是外键,也是主键)
T_DOG LEGS,DOG_ID(既是外键,也是主键)
3.Table_PER_Class策略:
Table_PER_Class策略,父类实体和子类实体每个类分别对应一张数据库中的表,子类表中保存所有属性,包括从父类实体中继承的属性。具体做法:
只需在父类实体的@Entity注解下添加如下注解:
@Inheritance(Strategy=InheritanceType.TABLE_PER_CLASS)
- @Entity
- @Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.TABLE_PER_CLASS)
- @Table(name = "T_VEHICLE")
- public class Vehicle { // 基类
- @Id
- // @GeneratedValue
- @Column(name = "ID")
- private Integer id;
- @Column(name = "SPEED")
- private Integer speed;// 速度
- //省略get set
- }
- @Entity
- @Table(name = "T_CAR")
- public class Car extends Vehicle {
- @Column(name = "ENGINE")
- private String engine;// 发动机
- //省略get set
- }
一旦使用这种策略就意味着你不能使用AUTO generator 和IDENTITY generator,即主键值不能采用数据库自动生成。
实际表结构如下:
T_VEHICLE ID,SPEED
T_CAR ID,SPEED,ENGINE