C++面向对象的程序设计6——const数据成员和const成员函数

const数据成员：它的作用是不能随便修改该类数据成员的值，要想赋值只能在初始化列表中进行赋值。
const成员函数：const成员函数中不能修改函数内任何数据成员的值。
const对象：仅能访问const成员函数，其他普通成员函数不可以方法。
Human.h

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <Windows.h>
#define ADDR_LEN 64

using namespace std;

class Human {
public:
    Human();
    Human(string, int, int, string);
    Human(const Human &);
    Human &operator=(const Human &);
    int getAge();
    int getHeight();
    void desprition() const;
    void setAddr(const char *);
    static int Humancount();
    ~Human();

private:
    string name;
    const string bloodType;  // const 数据成员
    char *addr;
    int age;
    int height;
    static int humanCount;
};

Human.cpp

#include "Human.h"
#include <iostream>

int Human::humanCount = 0;

Human::Human(): bloodType("未知") {   //  默认构造函数
    name = "张三";
    age = 24;
    height = 175;
    // bloodType = "A";
    addr = new char[ADDR_LEN];
    strcpy_s(addr, ADDR_LEN, "China");
    humanCount++;
}

Human::Human(string name, int age, int height, string bldtype):bloodType(bldtype){
// 自定义构造函数
    this->name = name;
    this->age = age;
    this->height = height;
    // this->bloodType = bldtype;
    addr = new char[ADDR_LEN];
    strcpy_s(addr, ADDR_LEN, "China");
    humanCount++;
}

Human::Human(const Human &other){
// 拷贝构造函数
    this->name = other.name;
    this->age = other.age;
    this->height = other.height;
//    this->bloodType = other.bloodType;
    this->addr = new char[ADDR_LEN];
    strcpy_s(this->addr, ADDR_LEN, other.addr);
    humanCount++;
}

Human &Human::operator=(const Human &other){
// 赋值构造函数
    if (this == &other) {
        return *this;
    }

    delete[] addr; 

    this->name = other.name;
    this->age = other.age;
    this->height = other.height;
//    this->bloodType = other.bloodType;
    this->addr = new char[ADDR_LEN];
    strcpy_s(this->addr, ADDR_LEN, other.addr);
    return *this;
}

int Human::getAge() {
    return age;
}

int Human::getHeight() {
    return height;
}

void Human::setAddr(const char *addr) {
    strcpy_s(this->addr, ADDR_LEN, addr);
}

void Human::desprition() const 
{
	cout<< "name:" << name <<
		" age:" << age <<
		" height:" << height <<
		" addr:" << addr << 
		" bloodType:" << bloodType << endl;
}

int Human::Humancount() {
    cout << "Total: " << humanCount << " persons" << endl;
    return humanCount;
}

Human::~Human() {
    humanCount--;
    delete[] addr; // Use delete[] for array
}

main.cpp

#include "Human.h"

int main() {
    Human h1;
    Human h2("李华", 26, 176, "B");
	const Human h3(h2);   // const 对象只能访问const成员函数，但是const成员函数不能修改里面的数据成员 
	h2.setAddr("American");
    h1.desprition();
    h2.desprition();
	h3.desprition();
    Human::Humancount();  // 类访问静态成员函数
	h3.Humancount();      // 对象也可以访问静态成员函数
	system("pause");
    return 0;
}

运行结果：