HQL简单查询

Hibernate查询：

数据查询与检索是Hibernate中的一个亮点。相对其他ORM实现而言，Hibernate提供了灵活多样的查询机制。
Hibernate语言查询( Hibernate Query Language，HQL) ：它是完全面向对象的查询语句，查询功能非常强大，具备继承、多态和关联等特性 。Hibernate官方推荐使用HQL进行查询。
标准化对象查询(Query By Criteria)：以对象的方式进行查询，将查询语句封装为对象操作。优点：可读性好，符合Java 程序员的编码习惯。

Native SQL Queries (原生SQL查询)：直接使用数据库提供的SQL方言进行查询。

今天主要描述的是HQL，Hibernate查询语言（HQL）是面向对象的查询语言，其结构与SQL查询相似，不同的是，HQL查询的主体是持久化类而不是数据表。
HQL提供了一种应用和数据库之间的抽象，提高了可移植性。

HQL子句本身大小写无关，但是其中出现的类名和属性名必须注意大小写。

在包orm.test下创建类：

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import org.junit.Test;

import orm.entity.User;
import orm.util.HibernateUtil;

public class QueryTest {
    @Test   //简单查询
    public void queryUsersTest() {
        SessionFactory sessionFactory = null;
        Session session = null;
        Transaction transaction = null;

        try {
            sessionFactory = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
            session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
            transaction = session.beginTransaction();
            String hql = "from User";
            Query<User> query = session.createQuery(hql, User.class);
            List<User> list = query.getResultList();
            for (User user : list) {
                System.out.println(user);
            }
            transaction.commit();
        } catch (HibernateException e) {
            if (transaction != null) {
                transaction.rollback();
            }
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Test   //属性查询
    public void queryByTest() {
        SessionFactory sessionFactory = null;
        Session session = null;
        Transaction transaction = null;

        try {
            sessionFactory = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
            session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
            transaction = session.beginTransaction();
            String hql = "from User where username=:username";
            Query<User> query = session.createQuery(hql, User.class);
            query.setParameter("username", "测试");
            List<User> list = query.getResultList();
            for (User user : list) {
                System.out.println(user);
            }
            transaction.commit();
        } catch (HibernateException e) {
            if (transaction != null) {
                transaction.rollback();
            }
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Test   //实例化查询
    public void queryTest() {
        SessionFactory sessionFactory = null;
        Session session = null;
        Transaction transaction = null;

        try {
            sessionFactory = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
            session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
            transaction = session.beginTransaction();
            String hql = "select new User(u.username,u.age) from User as u";
            Query<User> query = session.createQuery(hql, User.class);
            List<User> list = query.getResultList();
            for (User user : list) {
                System.out.println(user);
            }
            transaction.commit();
        } catch (HibernateException e) {
            if (transaction != null) {
                transaction.rollback();
            }
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Test   //统计查询
    public void countTest() {
        SessionFactory sessionFactory = null;
        Session session = null;
        Transaction transaction = null;

        try {
            sessionFactory = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
            session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
            transaction = session.beginTransaction();
            String hql = "select count(*) from User";
            Query<Long> query = session.createQuery(hql,Long.class);
            long count = query.uniqueResult();
            System.out.println("总数为："+count);
            transaction.commit();
        } catch (HibernateException e) {
            if (transaction != null) {
                transaction.rollback();
            }
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Test   //子查询
    public void subQueryTest() {
        SessionFactory sessionFactory = null;
        Session session = null;
        Transaction transaction = null;

        try {
            sessionFactory = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
            session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
            transaction = session.beginTransaction();
            String hql = "from User u where u.age>(select avg(age) from User)";
            Query<User> query = session.createQuery(hql,User.class);
            List<User> list = query.getResultList();
            for (User user : list) {
                System.out.println(user);
            }
            transaction.commit();
        } catch (HibernateException e) {
            if (transaction != null) {
                transaction.rollback();
            }
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}