Linux kernel 中的的等待队列(阻塞式)

等待队列在Linux内核中用来阻塞或唤醒一个进程，也可以用来同步对系统资源的访问，还可以实现延迟功能

等待队列接口函数介绍：

#include <linux/wait.h> //头文件包含

1.定义、初始化等待队列（指向等待队列链表）

定义一个等待队列头

wait_queue_head_t my_queue;

初始一个等待队列头

init_waitqueue_head(&my_queue);

定义并初始化一个等待队列头

DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(my_queue);

2.进程的睡眠操作——条件睡眠

判断condition条件，决定是否将当前进程推入等待队列

wait_event(wait_queue_head_t wq, int condition);

wait_event_interruptible /*可以被系统消息打断*/

(wait_queue_head_t wq,int condition);

wait_event_timeout(wait_queue_head_t wq, int

condition, long timeout)；

wait_event_interruptiblble_timeout(wait_queue_head_t wq,

int condition, long timeout);

参数wq:表示等待队列头

参数condition:阻塞条件，为假(0)则进入休眠直到wake_up且condition为真条件成立才退出

参数timeout：表示睡眠指定时长（时钟滴答度量，eg.延时2秒=2*HZ）后，自动转入唤醒状态

进程的睡眠操作——无条件睡眠

//将当前进程推入等待队列将其睡眠，wake_up唤醒

sleep_on(wait_queue_head_t *q);

interruptible_sleep_on(wait_queue_head_t *q);

long sleep_on_timeout(wait_queue_head_t *q, long timeout)；

long interruptible_sleep_on_timeout(wait_queue_head_t *q, long timeout)；

参数wq:表示等待队列头

参数timeout：表示睡眠指定时长后，自动转入唤醒状态

3.进程唤醒函数

wake_up(wait_queue_head_t *wq);

wake_up_interruptible(wait_queue_head_t *wq);

注意事项:

1.唤醒函数和导致睡眠函数要配对使用，如果导致睡眠函数使用带interruptible的，则唤醒函数也要使用interruptible的。

2.在使用wake_up唤醒进程之前要将wait_event中的condition变量的值赋为真，否则该进程被唤醒后会立即再次进入睡眠

等待队列应用实例：

代码实例：

应用层代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main()
{
	char *devname = "/dev/key1_eint";
	int fd;
	unsigned char key;
	
	fd = open(devname, O_RDWR);
	while(1){
		read(fd, &key, sizeof(key)); 
		printf("the key = %d\n",key);
	}
	close(fd);
}

驱动层：

#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <mach/gpio.h>
#include <mach/regs-gpio.h>  

#define EINT_DEVICE_ID			1

#define DRIVER_NAME			"key1_eint"
#define err(msg) 					printk(KERN_ERR "%s: " msg "\n", DRIVER_NAME)
#define __debug(fmt, arg...)		printk(KERN_DEBUG fmt, ##arg)

#define GPH3CON					(unsigned long)(S5PV210_GPH3_BASE+ 0x00)
#define GPH3DAT					(unsigned long)(S5PV210_GPH3_BASE + 0x04)

#define GPH2UP					(unsigned long)(S5PV210_GPH2_BASE + 0x08)

static int major = 0;		
static int minor = 0;		
struct class *key_class;
static struct device *key_device;

/*定义等待队列头，该等待队列头属于该驱动程序*/
static wait_queue_head_t wait_queue;
static unsigned char key;

irqreturn_t buttons_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)
{	
	key = (unsigned int)dev_id;

	wake_up_interruptible(&wait_queue);			//唤醒等待队列
	return IRQ_HANDLED;
}

static void key_io_port_init(void)
{
	unsigned long reg_val;
	
	reg_val = readl(GPH3CON);
	reg_val &= ~((0x0f<<0) | (0x0f<<4));
	reg_val |= ((0x01<<0) | (0x01<<4));
	writel(reg_val, GPH3CON);

	reg_val = readl(GPH3DAT);
	reg_val &= ~((0x01<<0) | (0x01<<1));
	writel(reg_val, GPH3DAT);

	reg_val = readl(GPH2UP);
	reg_val &= ~(0x03<<8);
	reg_val |= 0x02<<8;
	writel(reg_val, GPH2UP);
}

static ssize_t key_read(struct file *filp, char *buf, size_t count, loff_t *f_pos)
{
	int key_num;
	int cpy_len;
	int retval;

	/* 该函数体内部会定义struct wait_queue结构体变量，并将将当前进程
	 * 添加到队列中睡眠，(wait_queue_head_t为等待队列链表的头，struct 
	 * wait_queue记录着链表节点信息)
	 */
	interruptible_sleep_on(&wait_queue);
	
	
	key_num = key;		//读取键值
	cpy_len = min(sizeof(key_num), count);
	retval = copy_to_user(buf, &key_num, cpy_len);
	
	return (cpy_len - retval);
}

/* Driver Operation structure */
static struct file_operations key_fops = {
	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
	.read = key_read,
};


static int __init key_eint_init(void)
{
	int retval;
	

	key_io_port_init();

	init_waitqueue_head(&wait_queue);			//初始化等待队列头
	
	retval = set_irq_type(IRQ_EINT(20),IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING);
	if(retval){
		err("IRQ_EINT20 set irq type failed");
		goto error;
	}
	
	retval = request_irq(IRQ_EINT(20), buttons_interrupt, IRQF_DISABLED, 
			"KEY1", (void *)EINT_DEVICE_ID);
	if(retval){
		err("request eint20 failed");
		goto error;
	}
	
	
	major = register_chrdev(major, DRIVER_NAME, &key_fops);
	if(major < 0){
		err("register char device fail");
		retval = major;
		goto error_register;
	}
	key_class=class_create(THIS_MODULE,DRIVER_NAME);
	if(IS_ERR(key_class)){
		err("class create failed!");
		retval =  PTR_ERR(key_class);
		goto error_class;
	}
	key_device=device_create(key_class,NULL, MKDEV(major, minor), NULL,DRIVER_NAME);
	if(IS_ERR(key_device)){
		err("device create failed!");
		retval = PTR_ERR(key_device);
		goto error_device;
	}
	__debug("register myDriver OK! Major = %d\n", major);
	return 0;

error_device:
	class_destroy(key_class);
error_class:
	unregister_chrdev(major, DRIVER_NAME);
error_register:
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT(20), (void *)EINT_DEVICE_ID);
error:
	return retval;
}

static void __exit key_eint_exit(void)
{
	
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT(20), (void *)EINT_DEVICE_ID);

	unregister_chrdev(major, DRIVER_NAME);
	device_destroy(key_class,MKDEV(major, minor));
	class_destroy(key_class);

	return;
}

module_init(key_eint_init);
module_exit(key_eint_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("eric");