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Mybatis简介
原始JDBC操作（查询数据）
package com.atguigu3.utils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* 操作数据库的工具类
* @create 2021-02-21 19:30
*/
public class JDBCUtils {
/**
* 获取数据库的连接
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception {
// 1. 读取配置文件的4个基本信息
InputStream inputStream = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties");
Properties pros = new Properties();
pros.load(inputStream);
String user = pros.getProperty("user");
String password = pros.getProperty("password");
String url = pros.getProperty("url");
String driverClass = pros.getProperty("driverClass");
//2. 加载驱动
Class.forName(driverClass);
//3. 获取连接
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
return conn;
}
/**
* 关闭连接和Statement的操作
* @param conn
* @param ps
*/
public static void closeResource(Connection conn, Statement ps) {
//7. 资源的关闭
try {
if (ps!=null) {
ps.close();
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
if (conn!=null) {
conn.close();
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 针对于不同的表的通用的查询操作，返回表中的一条记录
* @param clazz
* @param sql
* @param args
* @param <T>
* @return
*/
public <T> T getInstance(Class<T> clazz, String sql, Object ...args) {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
ps.setObject(i+1, args[i]);
}
rs = ps.executeQuery();
// 结果集的元数据
ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
// 通过ResultSetMetaData获取结果集中的列数
int columnCount = rsmd.getColumnCount();
if (rs.next()) {
//T t = clazz.newInstance();
T t = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
// 处理结果集一行数据中的每一个列
for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
// 获取列值
Object columValue = rs.getObject(i + 1);
// 获取每个列的列名: getColumnName()
// 获取列的别名：getColumnLabel()
String columnLabel = rsmd.getColumnLabel(i + 1);
// 给 clazz 对象的某个属性，赋值为 columValue : 通过反射
Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(columnLabel);
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(t, columValue);
}
return t;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtils.closeResource(conn, ps, rs);
}
return null;
}
原始JDBC操作（增删改）
//通用的增、删、改操作
public void update(String sql,Object ... args){
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
try {
//1.获取数据库的连接
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//2.获取PreparedStatement的实例 (或：预编译sql语句)
ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//3.填充占位符
for(int i = 0;i < args.length;i++){
ps.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
}
//4.执行sql语句
ps.execute();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
//5.关闭资源
JDBCUtils.closeResource(conn, ps);
}
}
原始JDBC操作分析
- 原始jdbc开发存在的问题如下：
- 数据库连接创建、释放频繁造成系统资源浪费从而影响系统性能
- sql 语句在代码中硬编码，造成代码不易维护，实际应用 sql 变化的可能较大，sql 变动需要改变java代码。
- 查询操作时，需要手动将结果集中的数据手动封装到实体中。插入操作时，需要手动将实体的数据设置到sql语句的占位符位置
- 应对上述问题给出的解决方案：
- 使用数据库连接池初始化连接资源
- 将sql语句抽取到xml配置文件中
- 使用反射、内省等底层技术，自动将实体与表进行属性与字段的自动映射
Mybatis
-
MyBatis 是一款优秀的持久层框架，它支持自定义 SQL、存储过程以及高级映射。MyBatis 免除了几乎所有的 JDBC 代码以及设置参数和获取结果集的工作。MyBatis 可以通过简单的 XML 或注解来配置和映射原始类型、接口和 Java POJO（Plain Old Java Objects，普通老式 Java 对象）为数据库中的记录。
-
它内部封装了jdbc，使开发者只需要关注sql语句本身，而不需要花费精力去处理加载驱动、创建连接、创建statement等繁杂的过程。
-
mybatis通过xml或注解的方式将要执行的各种 statement配置起来，并通过java对象和statement中sql的动态参数进行映射生成最终执行的sql语句。
-
mybatis框架执行sql并将结果映射为java对象并返回。采用ORM思想解决了实体和数据库映射的问题，对jdbc 进行了封装，屏蔽了jdbc api 底层访问细节，使我们不用与jdbc api 打交道，就可以完成对数据库的持久化操作。
Mybatis快速入门
1. 搭建环境，创建数据库表
create database mybatis;
use mybatis;
create table user(
id int(20) not null primary key,
name varchar(30) default null,
pwd varchar(30) default null
)engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
insert into user (id, name, pwd) values
(1, 'abc', '123456'),
(2, 'cde', '234567'),
(3, 'def', '456789');
2. 创建maven工程，导入Mybatis坐标
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.6</version>
</dependency>
3. 在src/resources下创建mybatis-config.xml文件
- XML 配置文件中包含了对 MyBatis 系统的核心设置，包括获取数据库连接实例的数据源（DataSource）以及决定事务作用域和控制方式的事务管理器（TransactionManager）
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${password}"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="org/mybatis/example/BlogMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=true&
useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<!-- 每一个mapper.xml都必须在mybatis核心配置文件中注册 -->
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/dao/UserMapper.xml" />
</mappers>
</configuration>
4. 编写Mybatis工具类
-
每个基于 MyBatis 的应用都是以一个
SqlSessionFactory的实例为核心的。SqlSessionFactory的实例可以通过SqlSessionFactoryBuilder获得。而SqlSessionFactoryBuilder则可以从 XML 配置文件或一个预先配置的 Configuration 实例来构建出SqlSessionFactory实例package com.utils; import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; public class MybatisUtils { private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory; static { // 从 XML 文件中构建 SqlSessionFactory 的实例 String resource = "mybatis-config.xml"; try { InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource); sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 从 SqlSessionFactory 中获取 SqlSession * SqlSession 提供了在数据库执行 SQL 命令所需的所有方法。你可以通过 SqlSession 实例来直接执行已映射的 SQL 语句 * @return */ public static SqlSession getSqlSession() { return sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); } }
5. 编写User实体类
package com.pojo;
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String pwd;
public User() {
}
public User(int id, String name, String pwd) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.pwd = pwd;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPwd() {
return pwd;
}
public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", pwd='" + pwd + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
6. 编写UserDAO/UserMapper接口
package com.dao;
import com.pojo.User;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public interface UserDAO {
/**
* 查询全部用户
* @return
*/
List<User> getUserList();
/**
* 根据id查询用户
* @param id
* @return
*/
User getUserById(int id);
/**
* 插入用户
* @param user
*/
void addUser(User user);
//修改用户
int updateUser(User user);
/**
* 删除用户
* @param id
* @return
*/
int deleteUser(int id);
List<User> getUserLike(String value);
/**
* 万能Map
* Map传递参数，直接在sql中取出key即可
* 对象传递参数，直接在sql中取对象的属性即可
*/
int addUser2(Map<String, Object> map);
User getUserById2(Map<String, Object> map);
}
7. 编写UserMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.dao.UserDAO">
<select id="getUserList" resultType="com.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user
</select>
<select id="getUserById" resultType="com.pojo.User" parameterType="int">
select * from mybatis.user where id = #{id}
</select>
<!--对象中的属性可以直接取出来-->
<insert id="addUser" parameterType="com.pojo.User">
insert into mybatis.user (id, name, pwd) values (#{id}, #{name}, #{pwd});
</insert>
<update id="updateUser" parameterType="com.pojo.User">
update mybatis.user set name=#{name}, pwd=#{pwd} where id =#{id};
</update>
<delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="int">
delete from mybatis.user where id=#{id};
</delete>
<insert id="addUser2" parameterType="map">
insert into mybatis.user (id, name, pwd) values (#{id1}, #{name1}, #{pwd1});
</insert>
<select id="getUserById2" parameterType="map" resultType="com.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user where id = #{helloid} and name = #{name};
</select>
<select id="getUserLike" resultType="com.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user where name like "%"#{value}"%"
</select>
</mapper>
8. 编写测试类
package com.dao;
import com.pojo.User;
import com.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class UserDAOTest {
@Test
public void getUserListTest() {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserDAO userDAO = sqlSession.getMapper(UserDAO.class);
List<User> userList = userDAO.getUserList();
for (int i = 0; i < userList.size(); i++) {
System.out.println(userList.get(i));
}
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void getUserByIdTest() {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserDAO mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserDAO.class);
User user = mapper.getUserById(1);
System.out.println(user);
sqlSession.close();
}
//增删改需要提交事务
@Test
public void addUser(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserDAO mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserDAO.class);
mapper.addUser(new User(4,"hou","123456"));
//提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void updateUser(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserDAO mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserDAO.class);
mapper.updateUser(new User(4,"hou","123"));
//提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void deleteUser(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserDAO mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserDAO.class);
mapper.deleteUser(5);
//提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void addUser2(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserDAO mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserDAO.class);
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("id1",5);
map.put("name1","dong");
map.put("pwd1","12345");
mapper.addUser2(map);
//提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void getUserById2(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserDAO mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserDAO.class);
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("helloid",5);
map.put("name","dong");
User user = mapper.getUserById2(map);
System.out.println(user);
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void getUserLike(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserDAO mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserDAO.class);
List<User> list = mapper.getUserLike("o");
for(User user : list){
System.out.println(user);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void judge() {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
SqlSession sqlSession1 = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
System.out.println(sqlSession == sqlSession1); // false
}
}
-
注意：
-
Mapper.xml文件注册
-
<!-- 每一个mapper.xml都必须在mybatis核心配置文件中注册 --> <mappers> <mapper resource="com/dao/UserMapper.xml" /> </mappers> -
maven资源过滤
-
<!--在build中配置resources，来防止我们资源导出失败的问题--> <build> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> </resource> </resources> </build>
-
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