1、系统调用
所有的操作系统都提供多种服务的入口点,程序由此向内核请求服务。
这些可直接进入内核的入口点被称为系统调用。
2、Linux下文件操作的系统调用
(1)open():
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int fd = open("test1", O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0777);
if(fd == -1)
{
perror("open");
return -1;
}
printf("fd = %d\n",fd);
printf("文件打开成功\n");
close(fd);
return 0;
}
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#define SIZE 1024
int main1()
{
int fd = open("BTree.c", O_RDONLY, 0777);
if (fd == -1)
{
perror ("open");
return -1;
}
char buf[SIZE] = {0};
ssize_t ret = read(fd, buf, SIZE-1);
if (ret == -1)
{
perror ("read");
}
// 返回值为0 代表读到文件结尾
if (ret == 0)
{
printf ("文件读取结束\n");
}
printf ("len = %d\n", strlen(buf));
printf ("读到 %d 字节: %s\n", ret, buf);
return 0;
}
// 缓冲区覆盖问题
int main2()
{
int fd = open("BTree.c", O_RDONLY, 0777);
if (fd == -1)
{
perror ("open");
return -1;
}
char buf[SIZE] = {0};
while (1)
{
ssize_t ret = read(fd, buf, SIZE-1);
if (ret == -1)
{
perror ("read");
}
// 返回值为0 代表读到文件结尾
if (ret == 0)
{
printf ("文件读取结束\n");
break;
}
//printf ("len = %d\n", strlen(buf));
// printf ("读到 %d 字节: %s\n", ret, buf);
printf ("%s", buf);
}
return 0;
}
// 读取数据之前清空缓冲区
int main3()
{
int fd = open("BTree.c", O_RDONLY, 0777);
if (fd == -1)
{
perror ("open");
return -1;
}
char buf[SIZE] = {0};
while (1)
{
memset (buf, 0, SIZE); // 清空缓冲区
ssize_t ret = read(fd, buf, SIZE-1);
if (ret == -1)
{
perror ("read");
}
if (ret == 0)
{
printf ("文件读取结束\n");
break;
}
printf ("%s", buf);
}
return 0;
}
// 每次读完数据之后将下一个字节置为 '\0';
int main4()
{
int fd = open("BTree.c", O_RDONLY, 0777);
if (fd == -1)
{
perror ("open");
return -1;
}
char buf[SIZE] = {0};
while (1)
{
ssize_t ret = read(fd, buf, SIZE-1);
if (ret == -1)
{
perror ("read");
}
if (ret == 0)
{
printf ("文件读取结束\n");
break;
}
buf[ret] = '\0';
printf ("%s", buf);
}
return 0;
}
// 读一个完整的大数据
int main()
{
int fd = open("BTree.c", O_RDONLY, 0777);
if (fd == -1)
{
perror ("open");
return -1;
}
char buf[SIZE] = {0};
char *p = buf;
int count = SIZE-1; // 每一次要读的数据个数
ssize_t ret = 0;
while (ret = read(fd, p, count))
{
// 出错
if (ret == -1)
{
if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR)
{
continue;
}
break;
}
printf ("asdasdsadsa\n");
// 读完
if (count == ret)
{
break;
}
count -= ret; // 下一次要读的数据
p += ret;
}
printf ("len = %d\n", strlen(buf));
//printf ("%s\n", buf);
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#define SIZE 1024
int main()
{
int fd = open("abc", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 0777);
if (fd == -1)
{
perror ("open");
return -1;
}
char buf[SIZE] = {0};
while (1)
{
fgets (buf, SIZE, stdin);
if (strncmp ("end", buf, 3) == 0)
break;
ssize_t ret = write(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
if (ret == -1)
{
perror ("write");
}
printf ("要写的字节数 :%d, 实际写的字节数: %d\n", SIZE, ret);
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
(4)lseek():
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#define SIZE 1024
int main()
{
// 打开要读的文件
int fd = open("abc2", O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0777);
if (fd == -1)
{
perror ("open fd1");
return -1;
}
// 设置这个文件的偏移指针
lseek (fd, 20, SEEK_SET);
char *buf = "hello";
write (fd, buf, strlen(buf));
close (fd);
return 0;
}