文件编程（二）

标准I/O库

C标准库提供了操作文件的标准I/O函数库，与系统调用相比，主要差别是实现了一个跨平台的用户态缓冲的解决方案。

一个I/O缓冲的例子如下：

1、fopen():

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
	FILE *fp = fopen("test3","ab+");
	if(fp == NULL)
	{
		perror("fopen");
		return -1;
	}
	
	printf("打开文件成功\n");

    return 0;
}

2、fread():

#include <stdio.h>

#define SIZE 1024

int main()
{
	FILE *fp = fopen("BTree.c", "ab+");
	if(fp == NULL)
	{
		perror("fopen");
		return -1;
	}
	
	char buf[SIZE] = {0};
	int ret = 0;
	
	while(ret = fread(buf, sizeof(char), SIZE - 1, fp))
	{
		buf[ret*sizeof(char)] = '\0';
		printf ("%s\n", buf);
	}
	
	if(ret == 0 && !feof(fp))
	{
		perror("fread");
		return -1;
	}
	
	printf("文件读取结束\n");
	
	fclose(fp);
	
    return 0;
}

3、fwrite():

#include <stdio.h>

#define SIZE 1024

int main()
{
	FILE *fp1 = fopen("1.ppt", "ab+");
	if (fp1 == NULL)
	{
		perror ("fopen1");
		return -1;
	}
	
	FILE *fp2 = fopen("2.ppt", "ab+");
	if (fp2 == NULL)
	{
		perror ("fopen2");
		return -1;
	}
	
	char buf[SIZE] = {0};
	int ret = 0;
	
	while(ret = fread(buf,sizeof(char),SIZE,fp1))
	{
		fwrite(buf,sizeof(char),ret,fp2);
	}
	
	if(ret == 0 && !feof(fp1))
	{
		perror("fread");
		return -1;
	}
	
	printf("文件复制成功\n");
	
	fclose(fp1);
	fclose(fp2);
    
	return 0;
}

4、在文件中存取结构体数据

#include <stdio.h>

#define SIZE 1024

typedef struct student
{
	int  id;
	char name[20];
}STU;


void write_data(STU *a,int len)
{
	FILE *fp = fopen("student", "ab+");
	if (fp == NULL)
	{
		perror ("fopen");
		return;
	}
	
	
	// 要写入个数
	printf("len = %d\n",len);
	fwrite(&len, sizeof(int), 1, fp);
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		// 写入数据长度
		int count = sizeof(a[i]);
		fwrite(&count, sizeof(int), 1, fp);
		
		// 写入数据
		fwrite(&a[i], sizeof(STU), 1, fp);
	}
	
	fclose(fp);
}

void read_data()
{
	FILE *fp = fopen("student", "ab+");
	if (fp == NULL)
	{
		perror ("fopen");
		return;
	}
	
	
	// 读记录的个数
	int count;
	fread (&count, sizeof(int), 1, fp);
	
	printf ("记录个数是：%d\n", count);
	int i;
	STU tmp;
	for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
	{
		int len;
		fread (&len, sizeof(int), 1, fp);
		
		// 读取数据
		fread (&tmp, len, 1, fp);
		
		printf ("id = %d, name = %s\n", tmp.id, tmp.name);
	}
	
	fclose(fp);
}

int main()
{
	
	
	int i;
	STU a[20];
	int len = sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]);
	for (i = 0; i < 20; i++)
	{
		a[i].id = i;
		sprintf (a[i].name, "zhang%d", i);
	}
	
	// 写入数据
	write_data(a,len);
	
	// 读数据
	//read_data();

    return 0;	
}