最近发现几起对ThreadPoolExecutor的误用,其中包括自己,发现都是因为没有仔细看注释和内部运转机制,想当然的揣测参数导致,先看一下新建一个ThreadPoolExecutor的构建参数:
- public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
- int maximumPoolSize,
- long keepAliveTime,
- TimeUnit unit,
- BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
- ThreadFactory threadFactory,
- RejectedExecutionHandler handler)
看这个参数很容易让人以为是线程池里保持corePoolSize个线程,如果不够用,就加线程入池直至maximumPoolSize大小,如果还不够就往workQueue里加,如果workQueue也不够就用RejectedExecutionHandler来做拒绝处理。
但实际情况不是这样,具体流程如下:
1)当池子大小小于corePoolSize就新建线程,并处理请求
2)当池子大小等于corePoolSize,把请求放入workQueue中,池子里的空闲线程就去从workQueue中取任务并处理
3)当workQueue放不下新入的任务时,新建线程入池,并处理请求,如果池子大小撑到了maximumPoolSize就用RejectedExecutionHandler来做拒绝处理
4)另外,当池子的线程数大于corePoolSize的时候,多余的线程会等待keepAliveTime长的时间,如果无请求可处理就自行销毁
内部结构如下所示:
从中可以发现ThreadPoolExecutor就是依靠BlockingQueue的阻塞机制来维持线程池,当池子里的线程无事可干的时候就通过workQueue.take()阻塞住。
其实可以通过Executes来学学几种特殊的ThreadPoolExecutor是如何构建的。
- public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
- return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
- 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
- new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
- }
newFixedThreadPool就是一个固定大小的ThreadPool
- public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
- return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
- 60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
- new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
- }
newCachedThreadPool比较适合没有固定大小并且比较快速就能完成的小任务,没必要维持一个Pool,这比直接new Thread来处理的好处是能在60秒内重用已创建的线程。
其他类型的ThreadPool看看构建参数再结合上面所说的特性就大致知道它的特性
线程池的作用就是用尽可能少的线程来执行尽可能多的Runnable,以实现对线程的充分利用。
先从ThreadPoolExecutor类的构造方法说起:
<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px; color: rgb(30, 52, 123);"><li class="L0" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">ThreadPoolExecutor</span></li><li class="L1" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">public</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">ThreadPoolExecutor</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">int</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> corePoolSize</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">// 核心线程数</span></li><li class="L2" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">int</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> maximumPoolSize</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">// 最大线程数</span></li><li class="L3" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">long</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> keepAliveTime</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">// 生存时间</span></li><li class="L4" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">TimeUnit</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> unit</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">// keepAliveTime值的度量单位</span></li><li class="L5" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">BlockingQueue</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">Runnable</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> workQueue</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">)</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">// 阻塞队列</span></li></ol>
我们通过ThreadPoolExecutor类的execute()方法添加我们要执行的任务。下面通过实例讲解ThreadPoolExecutor类的使用。
任务类Task:将会被线程池执行的任务类
<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px; color: rgb(30, 52, 123);"><li class="L0" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">class</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">Task</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">{</span></li><li class="L1" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">public</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">void</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> fun</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">()</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">{</span></li><li class="L2" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">for</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">int</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> i </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(25, 95, 145);">0</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">;</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> i </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(25, 95, 145);">10</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">;</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> i</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">++)</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">{</span></li><li class="L3" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">System</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">out</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">println</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">(</span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">Thread</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">currentThread</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">().</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">getName</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">()</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">+</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">" 执行 - "</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">+</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> i</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">);</span></li><li class="L4" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">}</span></li><li class="L5" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">}</span></li><li class="L6" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">}</span></li></ol>
在创建线程池之前,我们先了解一下BlockingQueue,在构造线程池的时候,需要为其指定一个BlockingQueue,可用于传输和保持提交的任务。可以使用此队列与池大小进行交互。
BlockingQueue(阻塞队列):
如果运行的线程少于 corePoolSize,则 Executor始终首选添加新的线程,而不进行排队(不添加进阻塞队列)。
如果运行的线程等于或多于 corePoolSize,则 Executor 始终首选将请求加入队列,而不添加新的线程。
如果无法将请求加入队列,则创建新的线程,除非创建此线程超出 maximumPoolSize,在这种情况下,任务将被拒绝。
排队有三种通用策略:
1:直接提交 SynchronousQueue
它将任务直接提交给线程而不保存它们。在此,如果不存在可用于立即运行任务的线程,
则试图把任务加入队列将失败,因此会构造一个新的线程。此策略可以避免在处理可能具有内部依赖性的请求集时出现锁。
直接提交通常要求无界 maximumPoolSizes 以避免拒绝新提交的任务。
当命令以超过队列所能处理的平均数连续到达时,此策略允许无界线程具有增长的可能性。 SynchronousQueue线程安全的Queue,可以存放若干任务(但当前只允许有且只有一个任务在等待),
其中每个插入操作必须等待另一个线程的对应移除操作,也就是说A任务进入队列,B任务必须等A任务被移除之后才能进入队列,否则执行异常策略。
你来一个我扔一个,所以说SynchronousQueue没有任何内部容量。
比如:核心线程数为2,最大线程数为3;使用SynchronousQueue。
当前有2个核心线程在运行,又来了个A任务,两个核心线程没有执行完当前任务,根据如果运行的线程等于或多于 corePoolSize,
则 Executor 始终首选将请求加入队列,而不添加新的线程。所以A任务被添加到队列,此时的队列是SynchronousQueue,
当前不存在可用于立即运行任务的线程,因此会构造一个新的线程,此时又来了个B任务,两个核心线程还没有执行完。
新创建的线程正在执行A任务,所以B任务进入Queue后,最大线程数为3,发现没地方仍了。就只能执行异常策略(RejectedExecutionException)。
代码示例:
<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px; color: rgb(30, 52, 123);"><li class="L0" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">public</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">class</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">PoolExecutorTest</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">{</span></li><li class="L1" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">public</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">static</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">void</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> main</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">(</span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">String</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">[]</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> args</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">)</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">{</span></li><li class="L2" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">final</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">Task</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> task </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">new</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">Task</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">();</span></li><li class="L3" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">ThreadPoolExecutor</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> pool </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span></li><li class="L4" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">new</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">ThreadPoolExecutor</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">(</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(25, 95, 145);">2</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(25, 95, 145);">3</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(25, 95, 145);">3L</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span></li><li class="L5" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">TimeUnit</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">SECONDS</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">new</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">SynchronousQueue</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">Runnable</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">>(),</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">new</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">ThreadPoolExecutor</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">AbortPolicy</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">());</span></li><li class="L6" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); 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line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> task</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">fun</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">();</span></li><li class="L1" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">System</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">out</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">println</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"run"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">);</span></li><li class="L2" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">}</span></li><li class="L3" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">});</span></li><li class="L4" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">}</span></li><li class="L5" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> pool</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">shutdown</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">();</span></li><li class="L6" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">}</span></li><li class="L7" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">}</span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">// 在添加第4个任务的时候,程序抛出 java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException</span></li></ol>
2:无界队列 如LinkedBlockingQueue
使用无界队列(例如,不具有预定义容量的 LinkedBlockingQueue)将导致在所有核心线程都在忙时新任务在队列中等待。
这样,创建的线程就不会超过 corePoolSize。(因此,maximumPoolSize 的值也就没意义了。)也就不会有新线程被创建,都在那等着排队呢。
如果未指定容量,则它等于 Integer.MAX_VALUE。
如果设置了Queue预定义容量,则当核心线程忙碌时,新任务会在队列中等待,直到超过预定义容量(新任务没地方放了),才会执行异常策略。
你来一个我接一个,直到我容不下你了。FIFO,先进先出。
比如:核心线程数为2,最大线程数为3;使用LinkedBlockingQueue(1),设置容量为1。
当前有2个核心线程在运行,又来了个A任务,两个核心线程没有执行完当前任务,根据如果运行的线程等于或多于 corePoolSize,
则 Executor 始终首选将请求加入队列,而不添加新的线程。所以A任务被添加到队列,此时的队列是LinkedBlockingQueue,
此时又来了个B任务,两个核心线程没有执行完当前任务,A任务在队列中等待,队列已满。所以根据如果无法将请求加入队列,则创建新的线程,
B任务被新创建的线程所执行,此时又来个C任务,此时maximumPoolSize已满,队列已满,只能执行异常策略(RejectedExecutionException)。
代码示例:
<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px; color: rgb(30, 52, 123);"><li class="L0" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">public</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">class</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">PoolExecutorTest</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">{</span></li><li class="L1" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">public</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">static</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">void</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> main</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">(</span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">String</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">[]</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> args</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">)</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">{</span></li><li class="L2" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">final</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">Task</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> task </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">new</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">Task</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">();</span></li><li class="L3" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">ThreadPoolExecutor</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> pool </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span></li><li class="L4" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">new</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">ThreadPoolExecutor</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">(</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(25, 95, 145);">2</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(25, 95, 145);">3</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(25, 95, 145);">3L</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span></li><li class="L5" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">TimeUnit</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">SECONDS</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">new</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">LinkedBlockingQueue</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">Runnable</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">>(</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(25, 95, 145);">1</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">),</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">new</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">ThreadPoolExecutor</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">AbortPolicy</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">());</span></li><li class="L6" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">for</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">int</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> i </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(25, 95, 145);">0</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">;</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> i </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(25, 95, 145);">5</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">;</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> i</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">++)</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">{</span></li><li class="L7" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> pool</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">execute</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">new</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">Runnable</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">()</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">{</span></li><li class="L8" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(25, 95, 145);">@Override</span></li><li class="L9" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">public</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">void</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> run</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">()</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">{</span></li><li class="L0" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> task</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">fun</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">();</span></li><li class="L1" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">System</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">out</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">println</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"run"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">);</span></li><li class="L2" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">}</span></li><li class="L3" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">});</span></li><li class="L4" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">}</span></li><li class="L5" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> pool</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">shutdown</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">();</span></li><li class="L6" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">}</span></li><li class="L7" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">}</span></li><li class="L8" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="com" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">// 在添加第5个任务的时候,程序抛出 java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException</span></li></ol>
无界的话要防止任务增长的速度远远超过处理任务的速度。
3:有界队列 如ArrayBlockingQueue
操作模式跟LinkedBlockingQueue查不多,只不过必须为其设置容量。所以叫有界队列。
new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(Integer.MAX_VALUE) 跟 new LinkedBlockingQueue(Integer.MAX_VALUE)效果一样。
LinkedBlockingQueue 底层是链表结构
ArrayBlockingQueue 底层是数组结构
你来一个我接一个,直到我容不下你了。FIFO,先进先出。
代码示例:
<ol class="linenums" style="margin: 0px; color: rgb(30, 52, 123);"><li class="L0" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">public</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">class</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">PoolExecutorTest</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">{</span></li><li class="L1" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">public</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">static</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">void</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> main</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">(</span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">String</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">[]</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> args</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">)</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">{</span></li><li class="L2" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">final</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">Task</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> task </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">new</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">Task</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">();</span></li><li class="L3" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">ThreadPoolExecutor</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> pool </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span></li><li class="L4" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">new</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">ThreadPoolExecutor</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">(</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(25, 95, 145);">2</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(25, 95, 145);">3</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(25, 95, 145);">3L</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span></li><li class="L5" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">TimeUnit</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">SECONDS</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">new</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">ArrayBlockingQueue</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">Runnable</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">>(</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(25, 95, 145);">1</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">),</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">new</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">ThreadPoolExecutor</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">AbortPolicy</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">());</span></li><li class="L6" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">for</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">int</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> i </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(25, 95, 145);">0</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">;</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> i </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(25, 95, 145);">5</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">;</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> i</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">++)</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">{</span></li><li class="L7" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> pool</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">execute</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">new</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">Runnable</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">()</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">{</span></li><li class="L8" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(25, 95, 145);">@Override</span></li><li class="L9" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">public</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">void</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> run</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">()</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">{</span></li><li class="L0" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> task</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">fun</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">();</span></li><li class="L1" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: teal;">System</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(30, 52, 123);">out</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">println</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"run"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">);</span></li><li class="L2" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">}</span></li><li class="L3" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">});</span></li><li class="L4" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">}</span></li><li class="L5" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> pool</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">shutdown</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">();</span></li><li class="L6" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">}</span></li><li class="L7" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">}</span></li><li class="L8" style="color: rgb(190, 190, 197); line-height: 18px; padding-left: 12px;"><span class="com" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">// 在添加第5个任务的时候,程序抛出 java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException</span></li></ol>
关于keepAliveTime:
JDK解释:当线程数大于核心时,此为终止前多余的空闲线程等待新任务的最长时间。
也就是说啊,线程池中当前的空闲线程服务完某任务后的存活时间。如果时间足够长,那么可能会服务其它任务。
这里的空闲线程包不包括后来新创建的服务线程呢?我的理解是包括的。
关于handler有四个选择:
ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy() 抛出Java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException异常 ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy() 重试添加当前的任务,他会自动重复调用execute()方法 ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy() 抛弃旧的任务 ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy() 抛弃当前的任务
小的分析:
使用无界队列,要防止任务增长的速度远远超过处理任务的速度,控制不好可能导致的结果就是内存溢出。
使用有界队列,关键在于调节线程数和Queue大小 ,线程数多,队列容量少,资源浪费。线程数少,队列容量多,性能低,还可能导致内存溢出。