Golang学习 接口、多态性

多态特性所具备的基本要素：父类（接口）、子类（实现了父类的接口）、父类的变量（指针）引用子类的具体变量数据。

对外暴露的是父类（接口），最终实现功能的是子类。

package main

import "fmt"

// AnimalIF 本身是一个指针
type AnimalIF interface {
	GetColor() string
	GetType() string
	Sleep()
}

type Dog struct {
	color string
}

func (this *Dog) GetColor() string {
	return this.color
}
func (this *Dog) GetType() string {
	return "dog"
}
func (this *Dog) Sleep() {
	fmt.Println(this.GetType(), "is sleeping")
}

//至此，Dog类已经实现了 Animal接口的所有方法。

type Cat struct {
	color string
}

func (this *Cat) GetColor() string {
	return this.color
}
func (this *Cat) GetType() string {
	return "cat"
}
func (this *Cat) Sleep() {
	fmt.Println(this.GetType(), "is sleeping")
}

func ShowAnimal(animal AnimalIF) {
	animal.Sleep()
	fmt.Println("Animal's color is", animal.GetColor())
	fmt.Println("Animal's type is", animal.GetType())
}
func main() {
	var animal AnimalIF    //声明一个接口数据类型，他只是个指针
	animal = &Dog{"brown"} //为这个接口具体化
	animal.Sleep()
	fmt.Println("Animal's color is", animal.GetColor())
	fmt.Println("Animal's type is", animal.GetType())
	fmt.Println("===================")
	var animal2 AnimalIF = &Cat{"white"} //也可以声明的的时候直接实现接口
	animal2.Sleep()
	fmt.Println("Animal's color is", animal2.GetColor())
	fmt.Println("Animal's type is", animal2.GetType())
	fmt.Println("==========接下来将实现类的多态特性=========")
	ShowAnimal(&Dog{"yellow"})
	fmt.Println("===================")
	ShowAnimal(&Cat{"blank and white"})

}

输出结果如下：

dog is sleeping
Animal's color is brown
Animal's type is dog
===================
cat is sleeping
Animal's color is white
Animal's type is cat
==========接下来将实现类的多态特性=========
dog is sleeping
Animal's color is yellow
Animal's type is dog
===================
cat is sleeping
Animal's color is blank and white
Animal's type is cat