转载:http://blog.csdn.net/lskyne/article/details/38427895
问题导读: 1.如何查看hive表结构? 2.如何查看表结构信息? 3.如何查看分区信息? 4.哪个命令可以模糊搜索表
1.hive模糊搜索表
show tables like '*name*';
2.查看表结构信息
desc formatted table_name; desc table_name;
3.查看分区信息
show partitions table_name;
4.根据分区查询数据
select table_coulm from table_name where partition_name = '2014-02-25' ;
5.查看hdfs文件信息
dfs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/table02;
6.从文件加载数据进表(OVERWRITE覆盖,追加不需要OVERWRITE关键字)
LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH 'dim_csl_rule_config.txt' OVERWRITE into table dim.dim_csl_rule_config; --从查询语句给table插入数据 INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE test_h02_click_log PARTITION(dt) select * from stage.s_h02_click_log where dt = '2014-01-22' limit 100;
7.导出数据到文件
hive> insert overwrite local directory '/opt/xuzhiguo' select * from pdca_factory_t where factory_id<4;
Query ID = root_20171228114351_ab465584-9575-4ec2-a6ad-6b7e6ecf227d
Total jobs = 1
Launching Job 1 out of 1
In order to change the average load for a reducer (in bytes):
set hive.exec.reducers.bytes.per.reducer=<number>
In order to limit the maximum number of reducers:
set hive.exec.reducers.max=<number>
In order to set a constant number of reducers:
set mapreduce.job.reduces=<number>
Starting Spark Job = d4aa5361-e1d3-4b0a-802a-62a3c8124a13
Query Hive on Spark job[0] stages:
0
Status: Running (Hive on Spark job[0])
Job Progress Format
CurrentTime StageId_StageAttemptId: SucceededTasksCount(+RunningTasksCount-FailedTasksCount)/TotalTasksCount [StageCost]
2017-12-28 11:44:13,438 Stage-0_0: 0(+1)/1
2017-12-28 11:44:16,547 Stage-0_0: 0(+1)/1
2017-12-28 11:44:19,602 Stage-0_0: 0(+1)/1
2017-12-28 11:44:22,660 Stage-0_0: 0(+1)/1
2017-12-28 11:44:25,692 Stage-0_0: 0(+1)/1
2017-12-28 11:44:28,724 Stage-0_0: 0(+1)/1
2017-12-28 11:44:29,741 Stage-0_0: 1/1 Finished
Status: Finished successfully in 30.46 seconds
Moving data to local directory /opt/xuzhiguo
OK
Time taken: 39.248 seconds
hive>
insert overwrite directory '/tmp/csl_rule_cfg' select a.* from dim.dim_csl_rule_config a; hive -e "select day_id,pv,uv,ip_count,click_next_count,second_bounce_rate,return_visit,pg_type
from tmp.tmp_h02_click_log_baitiao_ag_sum where day_id in ('2014-03-06','2014-03-07','2014-03-08','2014-03-09','2014-03-10');" >
/home/jrjt/testan/baitiao.dat;
8.自定义udf函数
1.继承UDF类
2.重写evaluate方法
3.把项目打成jar包
4.hive中执行命令add jar /home/jrjt/dwetl/PUB/UDF/udf/GetProperty.jar;
5.创建函数create temporary function get_pro as 'jd.Get_Property'//jd.jd.Get_Property为类路径;
9.查询显示列名 及 行转列显示
set hive.cli.print.header = true ; // 打印列名 set hive.cli.print.row.to.vertical = true ; // 开启行转列功能, 前提必须开启打印列名功能 set hive.cli.print.row.to.vertical.num = 1 ; // 设置每行显示的列数
10.查看表文件大小,下载文件到某个目录,显示多少行到某个文件
dfs -du hdfs://BJYZH3-HD-JRJT-4137.jd.com:54310/user/jrjt/warehouse/stage.db/s_h02_click_log; dfs -get /user/jrjt/warehouse/ods.db/o_h02_click_log_i_new/dt = 2014 -01-21/000212_0 /home/jrjt/testan/; head -n 1000 文件名 > 文件名
11.杀死某个任务 不在hive shell中执行
hadoop job -kill job_201403041453_58315
12.hive-wui路径
http://172.17.41.38/jobtracker.jsp
13.删除分区
alter table tmp_h02_click_log_baitiao drop partition( dt = '2014-03-01' ); alter table d_h02_click_log_basic_d_fact drop partition(dt = '2014-01-17' );
14.hive命令行操作 15.hive上操作hadoop文件基本命令
查看文件大小
dfs -du /user/jrjt/warehouse/tmp.db/tmp_h02_click_log/ dt = 2014 -02-15;
删除文件
dfs -rm /user/jrjt/warehouse/tmp.db/tmp_h02_click_log/ dt = 2014 -02-15;
16.插入数据sql、导出数据sql
1.insert 语法格式为:
基本的插入语法:
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tablename [PARTITON( partcol1 = val1 , partclo2 = val2 )]select_statement FROM from_statement insert overwrite table test_insert select * from test_table;
对多个表进行插入操作:
FROM fromstatte INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tablename1 [PARTITON(partcol1 = val1 , partclo2 = val2 )]select_statement1 INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tablename2 [PARTITON(partcol1 = val1 , partclo2 = val2 )]select_statement2 from test_table insert overwrite table test_insert1 select key insert overwrite table test_insert2 select value;
insert的时候,from子句即可以放在select 子句后面,也可以放在 insert子句前面。
hive不支持用insert语句一条一条的进行插入操作,也不支持update操作。数据是以load的方式加载到建立好的表中。数据一旦导入就不可以修改。
2.通过查询将数据保存到filesystem
INSERT OVERWRITE [LOCAL] DIRECTORY directory SELECT.... FROM .....
导入数据到本地目录:
insert overwrite local directory '/home/zhangxin/hive' select * from test_insert1;
产生的文件会覆盖指定目录中的其他文件,即将目录中已经存在的文件进行删除。
导出数据到HDFS中:
insert overwrite directory '/user/zhangxin/export_test' select value from test_table;
同一个查询结果可以同时插入到多个表或者多个目录中:
from test_insert1 insert overwrite local directory '/home/zhangxin/hive' select * insert overwrite directory '/user/zhangxin/export_test' select value;
17.mapjoin的使用 应用场景:1.关联操作中有一张表非常小 2.不等值的链接操作
select /*+ mapjoin(A)*/ f.a,f.b from A t join B f on ( f.a = t .a and f.ftime = 20110802 )
18.perl启动任务
perl /home/jrjt/dwetl/APP/APP/A_H02_CLICK_LOG_CREDIT_USER/bin/a_h02_click_log_credit_user.pl APP_A_H02_CLICK_LOG_CREDIT_USER_20140215.dir > & /home/jrjt/dwetl/LOG/APP/20140306/
< span style = "white-space:pre;" > </ span > a_h02_click_log_credit_user.pl.4.log
19.查看perl进程
20.hive命令移动表数据到另外一张表目录下并添加分区
dfs -cp /user/jrjt/warehouse/tmp.db/tmp_h02_click_log/ dt = 2014 -02-18 /user/jrjt/warehouse/ods.db/o_h02_click_log/; dfs -cp /user/jrjt/warehouse/tmp.db/tmp_h02_click_log_baitiao/* /user/jrjt/warehouse/dw.db/
< span style = "white-space:pre;" > </ span > d_h02_click_log_baitiao_basic_d_fact/;--复制所有分区数据 alter table d_h02_click_log_baitiao_basic_d_fact add partition(dt = '2014-03-11' )
< span style = "white-space:pre;" > </ span > location '/user/jrjt/warehouse/dw.db/d_h02_click_log_baitiao_basic_d_fact/ dt = 2014 -03-11';
21.导出白条数据
hive -e "select day_id,pv,uv,ip_count,click_next_count,second_bounce_rate,return_visit,pg_type
from tmp.tmp_h02_click_log_baitiao_ag_sum where day_id like '2014-03%';" > /home/jrjt/testan/baitiao.xlsx;
22.hive修改表名
ALTER TABLE o_h02_click_log_i RENAME TO o_h02_click_log_i_bk;
23.hive复制表结构
CREATE TABLE d_h02_click_log_baitiao_ag_sum LIKE tmp.tmp_h02_click_log_baitiao_ag_sum;
24.hive官网网址
https://cwiki.apache.org/conflue ... ionandConfiguration
http://www.360doc.com/content/12/0111/11/7362_178698714.shtml
25.hive添加字段
alter table tmp_h02_click_log_baitiao_ag_sum
< span style = "white-space:pre;" > </ span > add columns(current_session_timelenth_count bigint comment '页面停留总时长'); ALTER TABLE tmp_h02_click_log_baitiao CHANGE current_session_timelenth
< span style = "white-space:pre;" > </ span > current_session_timelenth bigint comment '当前会话停留时间';
26.hive开启简单模式不启用mr
set hive.fetch.task.conversion = more ;
27.以json格式输出执行语句会读取的input table和input partition信息