本篇来介绍Qt 事件处理机制 。深入了解事件处理系统对于每个学习Qt人来说非常重要，可以说，Qt是以事件驱动的UI工具集。 大家熟知Signals/Slots在多线程的实现也依赖于Qt的事件处理机制。
在Qt中，事件被封装成一个个对象，所有的事件均继承自抽象类QEvent. 接下来依次谈谈Qt中有谁来产生、分发、接受和处理事件：
1、谁来产生事件： 最容易想到的是我们的输入设备，比如键盘、鼠标产生的
keyPressEvent，keyReleaseEvent，mousePressEvent，mouseReleaseEvent事件（他们被封装成QMouseEvent和QKeyEvent），这些事件来自于底层的操作系统，它们以异步的形式通知Qt事件处理系统，后文会仔细道来。当然Qt自己也会产生很多事件，比如QObject::startTimer()会触发QTimerEvent. 用户的程序可还以自己定制事件。
2、谁来接受和处理事件：答案是QObject。在Qt的内省机制剖析一文已经介绍QObject 类是整个Qt对象模型的心脏，事件处理机制是QObject三大职责（内存管理、内省(intropection)与事件处理制）之一。任何一个想要接受并处理事件的对象均须继承自QObject，可以选择重载QObject::event()函数或事件的处理权转给父类。
3、谁来负责分发事件：对于non-GUI的Qt程序，是由QCoreApplication负责将QEvent分发给QObject的子类-Receiver. 对于Qt GUI程序，由QApplication来负责。
接下来，将通过对代码的解析来看看QT是利用event loop从事件队列中获取用户输入事件，又是如何将事件转义成QEvents，并分发给相应的QObject处理。
- #include <QApplication>
- #include "widget.h"
- //Section 1
- int main(int argc, char *argv[])
- {
- QApplication app(argc, argv);
- Widget window; // Widget 继承自QWidget
- window.show();
- return app.exec(); // 进入Qpplication事件循环，见section 2
- }
- // Section 2:
- int QApplication::exec()
- {
- //skip codes
- //简单的交给QCoreApplication来处理事件循环=〉section 3
- return QCoreApplication::exec();
- }
- // Section 3
- int QCoreApplication::exec()
- {
- //得到当前Thread数据
- QThreadData *threadData = self->d_func()->threadData;
- if (threadData != QThreadData::current()) {
- qWarning("%s::exec: Must be called from the main thread", self->metaObject()->className());
- return -1;
- }
- //检查event loop是否已经创建
- if (!threadData->eventLoops.isEmpty()) {
- qWarning("QCoreApplication::exec: The event loop is already running");
- return -1;
- }
- ...
- QEventLoop eventLoop;
- self->d_func()->in_exec = true;
- self->d_func()->aboutToQuitEmitted = false;
- //委任QEventLoop 处理事件队列循环 ==> Section 4
- int returnCode = eventLoop.exec();
- ....
- }
- return returnCode;
- }
- // Section 4
- int QEventLoop::exec(ProcessEventsFlags flags)
- {
- //这里的实现代码不少，最为重要的是以下几行
- Q_D(QEventLoop); // 访问QEventloop私有类实例d
- try {
- //只要没有遇见exit，循环派发事件
- while (!d->exit)
- processEvents(flags | WaitForMoreEvents | EventLoopExec);
- } catch (...) {}
- }
- // Section 5
- bool QEventLoop::processEvents(ProcessEventsFlags flags)
- {
- Q_D(QEventLoop);
- if (!d->threadData->eventDispatcher)
- return false;
- if (flags & DeferredDeletion)
- QCoreApplication::sendPostedEvents(0, QEvent::DeferredDelete);
- //将事件派发给与平台相关的QAbstractEventDispatcher子类 =>Section 6
- return d->threadData->eventDispatcher->processEvents(flags);
- }
- // Section 6，QTDIR\src\corelib\kernel\qeventdispatcher_win.cpp
- // 这段代码是完成与windows平台相关的windows c++。 以跨平台著称的Qt同时也提供了对Symiban,Unix等平台的消息派发支持
- // 其事现分别封装在QEventDispatcherSymbian和QEventDispatcherUNIX
- // QEventDispatcherWin32派生自QAbstractEventDispatcher.
- bool QEventDispatcherWin32::processEvents(QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlags flags)
- {
- Q_D(QEventDispatcherWin32);
- if (!d->internalHwnd)
- createInternalHwnd();
- d->interrupt = false;
- emit awake();
- bool canWait;
- bool retVal = false;
- bool seenWM_QT_SENDPOSTEDEVENTS = false;
- bool needWM_QT_SENDPOSTEDEVENTS = false;
- do {
- DWORD waitRet = 0;
- HANDLE pHandles[MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS - 1];
- QVarLengthArray<MSG> processedTimers;
- while (!d->interrupt) {
- DWORD nCount = d->winEventNotifierList.count();
- Q_ASSERT(nCount < MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS - 1);
- MSG msg;
- bool haveMessage;
- if (!(flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents) && !d->queuedUserInputEvents.isEmpty()) {
- // process queued user input events
- haveMessage = true;
- //从处理用户输入队列中取出一条事件
- msg = d->queuedUserInputEvents.takeFirst();
- } else if(!(flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeSocketNotifiers) && !d->queuedSocketEvents.isEmpty()) {
- // 从处理socket队列中取出一条事件
- haveMessage = true;
- msg = d->queuedSocketEvents.takeFirst();
- } else {
- haveMessage = PeekMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE);
- if (haveMessage && (flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents)
- && ((msg.message >= WM_KEYFIRST
- && msg.message <= WM_KEYLAST)
- || (msg.message >= WM_MOUSEFIRST
- && msg.message <= WM_MOUSELAST)
- || msg.message == WM_MOUSEWHEEL
- || msg.message == WM_MOUSEHWHEEL
- || msg.message == WM_TOUCH
- #ifndef QT_NO_GESTURES
- || msg.message == WM_GESTURE
- || msg.message == WM_GESTURENOTIFY
- #endif
- || msg.message == WM_CLOSE)) {
- // 用户输入事件入队列，待以后处理
- haveMessage = false;
- d->queuedUserInputEvents.append(msg);
- }
- if (haveMessage && (flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeSocketNotifiers)
- && (msg.message == WM_QT_SOCKETNOTIFIER && msg.hwnd == d->internalHwnd)) {
- // socket 事件入队列，待以后处理
- haveMessage = false;
- d->queuedSocketEvents.append(msg);
- }
- }
- ....
- if (!filterEvent(&msg)) {
- TranslateMessage(&msg);
- //将事件打包成message调用Windows API派发出去
- //分发一个消息给窗口程序。消息被分发到回调函数，将消息传递给windows系统，windows处理完毕，会调用回调函数 => section 7
- DispatchMessage(&msg);
- }
- }
- }
- } while (canWait);
- ...
- return retVal;
- }
- // Section 6，QTDIR\src\corelib\kernel\qeventdispatcher_win.cpp
- // 这段代码是完成与windows平台相关的windows c++。 以跨平台著称的Qt同时也提供了对Symiban,Unix等平台的消息派发支持
- // 其事现分别封装在QEventDispatcherSymbian和QEventDispatcherUNIX
- // QEventDispatcherWin32派生自QAbstractEventDispatcher.
- bool QEventDispatcherWin32::processEvents(QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlags flags)
- {
- Q_D(QEventDispatcherWin32);
- if (!d->internalHwnd)
- createInternalHwnd();
- d->interrupt = false;
- emit awake();
- bool canWait;
- bool retVal = false;
- bool seenWM_QT_SENDPOSTEDEVENTS = false;
- bool needWM_QT_SENDPOSTEDEVENTS = false;
- do {
- DWORD waitRet = 0;
- HANDLE pHandles[MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS - 1];
- QVarLengthArray<MSG> processedTimers;
- while (!d->interrupt) {
- DWORD nCount = d->winEventNotifierList.count();
- Q_ASSERT(nCount < MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS - 1);
- MSG msg;
- bool haveMessage;
- if (!(flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents) && !d->queuedUserInputEvents.isEmpty()) {
- // process queued user input events
- haveMessage = true;
- //从处理用户输入队列中取出一条事件
- msg = d->queuedUserInputEvents.takeFirst();
- } else if(!(flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeSocketNotifiers) && !d->queuedSocketEvents.isEmpty()) {
- // 从处理socket队列中取出一条事件
- haveMessage = true;
- msg = d->queuedSocketEvents.takeFirst();
- } else {
- haveMessage = PeekMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE);
- if (haveMessage && (flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents)
- && ((msg.message >= WM_KEYFIRST
- && msg.message <= WM_KEYLAST)
- || (msg.message >= WM_MOUSEFIRST
- && msg.message <= WM_MOUSELAST)
- || msg.message == WM_MOUSEWHEEL
- || msg.message == WM_MOUSEHWHEEL
- || msg.message == WM_TOUCH
- #ifndef QT_NO_GESTURES
- || msg.message == WM_GESTURE
- || msg.message == WM_GESTURENOTIFY
- #endif
- || msg.message == WM_CLOSE)) {
- // 用户输入事件入队列，待以后处理
- haveMessage = false;
- d->queuedUserInputEvents.append(msg);
- }
- if (haveMessage && (flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeSocketNotifiers)
- && (msg.message == WM_QT_SOCKETNOTIFIER && msg.hwnd == d->internalHwnd)) {
- // socket 事件入队列，待以后处理
- haveMessage = false;
- d->queuedSocketEvents.append(msg);
- }
- }
- ....
- if (!filterEvent(&msg)) {
- TranslateMessage(&msg);
- //将事件打包成message调用Windows API派发出去
- //分发一个消息给窗口程序。消息被分发到回调函数，将消息传递给windows系统，windows处理完毕，会调用回调函数 => section 7
- DispatchMessage(&msg);
- }
- }
- }
- } while (canWait);
- ...
- return retVal;
- }
- // Section 7 windows窗口回调函数 定义在QTDIR\src\gui\kernel\qapplication_win.cpp
- extern "C" LRESULT QT_WIN_CALLBACK QtWndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
- {
- ...
- //将消息重新封装成QEvent的子类QMouseEvent ==> Section 8
- result = widget->translateMouseEvent(msg);
- ...
- }
- // Section 7 windows窗口回调函数 定义在QTDIR\src\gui\kernel\qapplication_win.cpp
- extern "C" LRESULT QT_WIN_CALLBACK QtWndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
- {
- ...
- //将消息重新封装成QEvent的子类QMouseEvent ==> Section 8
- result = widget->translateMouseEvent(msg);
- ...
- }
从Section 1~Section7， Qt进入QApplication的event loop，经过层层委任，最终QEventloop的processEvent将通过与平台相关的QAbstractEventDispatcher的子类QEventDispatcherWin32获得用户的用户输入事件，并将其打包成message后，通过标准Windows API ，把消息传递给了Windows OS，Windows OS得到通知后回调QtWndProc, 至此事件的分发与处理完成了一半的路程。
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