shell项目——分发系统
对于大公司而言,肯定时不时会有网站或者配置文件更新,而且使用的机器肯定也是好多台,少则几台,多则几十甚至上百台。这样的话一台一台配置肯定是不现实的,所以,自动同步文件是至关重要的。
而要如何实现自动同步呢?首先要有一台模板机器,把要分发的文件准备好,然后只要使用expect脚本批量把需要同步的文件分发到目标机器即可。整个过程也称为代码上线。
expect脚本远程登录
- 安装expect:
[root@xzl-linux:~]# yum install -y expect //由于我们之前安装过mkpasswd这个工具,这个工具会把expect一并安装的。
- 编辑自动远程登录expect脚本:
[root@localhost sbin]# vim login.expect //写入下面内容
#! /usr/bin/expect
set host "192.168.33.128" //设置变量
set passwd "19940406" //设置变量
spawn ssh root@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue } //‘\r’表示回车键
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
interact //表示停留在远程机器上,而不需要退出,不加interact会退出
expect脚本远程登录,执行命令并退出
- 编辑expect脚本:
[root@localhost sbin]# vim login2.expect //写入下面内容
#! /usr/bin/expect
set user "root"
set passwd "19940406"
spawn ssh $user@192.168.33.128
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue }
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*" //不管是root提示符还是普通用户,都匹配到
send "touch /tmp/12.txt\r" //执行命令
expect "]*"
send "echo 1212 > /tmp/12.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
expect脚本传递参数
- 编辑expect脚本:
[root@localhost sbin]# vim login3.expect
#! /usr/bin/expect
set user [lindex $argv 0] //第一个参数的值赋给user
set host [lindex $argv 1] //第二个参数的值赋给host
set passwd "19940406"
set cm [lindex $argv 2] //第三个参数的值赋给cm,表示命令
spawn ssh $user@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r" }
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
expect脚本同步文件
- 编辑expect脚本:
[root@localhost sbin]# vim login4.expect //写入下面内容
#! /usr/bin/expect
set passwd "19940406"
spawn rsync -av root@192.168.33.128:/tmp/12.txt /tmp/
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r" }
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof //表示expect脚本结束,如果不加expect eof会导致还没开始传输就会结束
如果想让expect永远不超时,可以在上面添加一行:
set timeout -1 //-1表示永不超时,设置为其它数字就会以其它数字为超时时间,以秒为单位,但是去掉expect eof 仍会出问题
expect脚本指定host和要同步的文件
[root@localhost sbin]# vim login5.expect //写入下面内容
#! /usr/bin/expect
set passwd "19940406"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]
spawn rsync -av $file root@$host:$file
expect {
"yes/no" { send "$yes\r" }
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof
构建文件分发系统
核心命令:
rsync -av --files-from=list.txt / root@host:/ //文件路径必须是绝对路径
编辑expect脚本:
[root@localhost sbin]# vim rsync.expect //写入下面内容
#! /usr/bin/expect
set passwd "19940406"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1] //指的是list.txt ,表示一个列表而不仅仅是一个文件
spawn rsync -avR --files-from=$file / root@$host:/
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r" }
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
export eof
编辑file.list:
[root@localhost sbin]# vim /tmp/file.list //写入下面内容
/tmp/12.txt
/tmp/1.txt
/tmp/2.txt
/tmp/3.txt
/tmp/111/111.txt
编辑ip.list:
[root@localhost sbin]# vim /tmp/ip.list //写入下面内容
192.168.33.128
127.0.0.1
编辑 rsync.sh:
[root@localhost sbin]# vim rsync.sh //写入下面内容
#! /bin/bash
for ip in `cat /tmp/ip.list`
do
./rsync.expect $ip /tmp/file.list
done
执行脚本:
[root@localhost sbin]# chmod a+x rsync.expect
[root@localhost sbin]# sh rsync.sh
spawn rsync -av --files-from=/tmp/file.list / root@192.168.33.128:/
root@192.168.33.128's password:
building file list ... done
tmp/
tmp/1.txt
tmp/2.txt
tmp/3.txt
tmp/111/
tmp/111/111.txt/
sent 311 bytes received 82 bytes 262.00 bytes/sec
total size is 5 speedup is 0.01 //192.168.33.128传输成功
spawn rsync -av --files-from=/tmp/file.list / root@127.0.0.1:/
The authenticity of host '127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1)' can't be established. //127.0.0.1出现问题,暂且不用管
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:y/jrhxRLVYWO6YhN5a2DSQePmWH3CCVWcV578JDKbPg.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:1b:86:bc:80:c5:c6:14:7a:4f:6c:29:b4:14:8f:86:d1.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '127.0.0.1' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
查看192.168.33.128:
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /tmp/
总用量 4
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 21 8月 1 14:47 111
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 8月 1 14:00 12.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 14:47 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 14:47 2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 1 14:47 3.txt
分发系统命令批量执行
有时候我们在批量传输完文件还不够,还需要在目标机器上执行命令来操作一些服务,这时候就需要对机器进行命令的批量执行。
- 编辑exe.expect:
[root@localhost sbin]# vim exe.expect //写入下面内容
#! /usr/bin/expect
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set passwd "19940406"
set cm [lindex $argv 1]
spawn ssh root@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r" }
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
- 编辑exe.sh
[root@localhost sbin]# vim exe.sh //写入下面内容
#! /bin/bash
for ip in `cat /tmp/ip.list`
do
./exe.expect $ip "hostname"
done
- 执行脚本:
[root@localhost sbin]# chmod a+x exe.expect
[root@localhost sbin]# sh exe.sh
spawn ssh root@192.168.33.128
root@192.168.33.128's password:
Last login: Wed Aug 1 15:06:08 2018 from 192.168.33.129
[root@localhost ~]# hostname
localhost.localdomain //192.168.33.128主机名
[root@localhost ~]# spawn ssh root@127.0.0.1
root@127.0.0.1's password:
Last failed login: Wed Aug 1 15:17:30 CST 2018 from 127.0.0.1 on ssh:notty
There were 2 failed login attempts since the last successful login.
Last login: Wed Aug 1 13:54:06 2018 from 192.168.33.1
[root@localhost ~]# hostname
localhost.localdomain //127.0.0.1本地主机名