java浅克隆与深克隆，浅拷贝与深拷贝

浅克隆：

首先在克隆前对象需要实现Cloneble接口，实现clone方法，否则调用不了Object的该方法

@Data
public class User implements Cloneable{
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private User2 user2;

    @Override
    protected User clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return (User)super.clone();
    }
}

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User2 {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
}

@Test
    public void t18() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        User user = new User();
        user.setName("张三");
        user.setAge(12);
        User2 user2 = new User2("老王",18);
        user.setUser2(user2);

        User clone = user.clone();
        System.out.println("user = " + user);
        System.out.println("clone1 = " + clone);

        user2.setName("李四");
        user.setName("张三2");
        System.out.println("------------------------");
        System.out.println("user = " + user);
        System.out.println("clone1 = " + clone);

        clone.setName("张三3");
        System.out.println("------------------------");
        System.out.println("user = " + user);
        System.out.println("clone1 = " + clone);
    }

//user = User(name=张三, age=12, user2=User2(name=老王, age=18))
//clone1 = User(name=张三, age=12, user2=User2(name=老王, age=18))
------------------------
//user = User(name=张三2, age=12, user2=User2(name=李四, age=18))
//clone1 = User(name=张三, age=12, user2=User2(name=李四, age=18))
------------------------
//user = User(name=张三2, age=12, user2=User2(name=李四, age=18))
//clone1 = User(name=张三3, age=12, user2=User2(name=李四, age=18))

可以看出，当浅克隆时，会把对象的基本属性克隆过来，包含string，且修改克隆对象的属性时，不影响原对象的属性。但如果原对象的属性包含对象，克隆时则是克隆该对象的地址，若修改原对象或克隆对象其中一个，则会影响另一个对象。这个时候咱们引入深克隆

深克隆：

public static Object deepClone(Object obj) {

        try (ByteArrayOutputStream bo = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
             ObjectOutputStream oo = new ObjectOutputStream(bo);) {

            oo.writeObject(obj);//将对象从流中读出来

            try (ByteArrayInputStream bi = new ByteArrayInputStream(bo.toByteArray());
                 ObjectInputStream oi = new ObjectInputStream(bi);) {
                return oi.readObject();
            }
        } catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
        }
        return null;
    }

以上为深克隆的方法，复制一个新的对象出来，与原对象隔离，接下来咱们验证一下

先把待克隆对象实现Serializable接口

@Data
public class User implements Serializable{
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private User2 user2;
}

接下来看个有趣的现象

@Test
    public void t19() throws Exception {
        User user = new User();
        user.setName("张三");
        user.setAge(12);

        User clone = (User) deepClone(user);
        System.out.println("user = " + user);
        System.out.println("clone = " + clone);
    }
//user = User(name=张三, age=12, user2=null)
//clone = User(name=张三, age=12, user2=null)

@Test
    public void t19() throws Exception {
        User user = new User();
        user.setName("张三");
        user.setAge(12);
        
        User2 user2 = new User2("老王",18);
        user.setUser2(user2);

        User clone = (User) deepClone(user);
        System.out.println("user = " + user);
        System.out.println("clone = " + clone);
    }
//user = User(name=张三, age=12, user2=User2(name=老王, age=18))
//clone = null

发现没，我们给user对象增加user2对象时，就克隆失败了。

此时是因为user2没有实现序列化接口，只需要把user2序列化一下，就ok了。

想告诉同学们，使用深克隆，一定需要记得把对象实现序列化。有了这个示例同学们应该记得更清楚了

最后，我们来看一下深克隆的方法是否如我们预期一样，直接上代码

@Test
    public void t19() throws Exception {
        User user = new User();
        user.setName("张三");
        user.setAge(12);

        User2 user2 = new User2("老王",18);
        user.setUser2(user2);

        User clone = (User) deepClone(user);
        System.out.println("user = " + user);
        System.out.println("clone = " + clone);
        System.out.println("------------------------------");

        user2.setName("我是user2");
        System.out.println("user = " + user);
        System.out.println("clone = " + clone);
    }
//user = User(name=张三, age=12, user2=User2(name=老王, age=18))
//clone = User(name=张三, age=12, user2=User2(name=老王, age=18))
//------------------------------
//user = User(name=张三, age=12, user2=User2(name=我是user2, age=18))
//clone = User(name=张三, age=12, user2=User2(name=老王, age=18))

可以看出，使用深克隆出来的对象，值与原对象一致，但与原对象里的user2不是使用同一个地址值。

最后：有不对的地方欢迎评论区交流，互相学习。