在Spring Boot中，可以使用以下步骤将
JWT集成到应用程序中以
实现token认证：
1. 添加依赖项
在pom.xml文件中添加以下依赖项：
```
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonweb
token</groupId>
<artifactId>j
jwt</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>
```
2. 创建
Token工具类
创建一个
JwtTokenUtil工具类，该类将用于生成和验证
JWT令牌。以下是一个基本的
JwtTokenUtil类：
```
java
public class
JwtTokenUtil {
private static final String SECRET_KEY = "secret";
public static String generate
Token(String username) {
Date now = new Date();
Date expiryDate = new Date(now.getTime() + 3600000);
return
Jwts.builder()
.setSubject(username)
.setIssuedAt(now)
.setExpiration(expiryDate)
.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, SECRET_KEY)
.compact();
}
public static String getUsernameFrom
Token(String
token) {
return
Jwts.parser()
.setSigningKey(SECRET_KEY)
.parseClaimsJws(
token)
.getBody()
.getSubject();
}
public static boolean validate
Token(String
token) {
try {
Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(SECRET_KEY).parseClaimsJws(
token);
return true;
} catch (SignatureException ex) {
System.out.println("Invalid
JWT signature");
} catch (Malformed
JwtException ex) {
System.out.println("Invalid
JWT token");
} catch (Expired
JwtException ex) {
System.out.println("Expired
JWT token");
} catch (Unsupported
JwtException ex) {
System.out.println("Unsupported
JWT token");
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
System.out.println("
JWT claims string is empty.");
}
return false;
}
}
```
3. 创建安全配置类
创建一个SecurityConfig类，该类将用于配置Spring Security以使用
JWT进行
认证。以下是一个基本的SecurityConfig类：
```
java
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired
private
JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint
jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint;
@Autowired
private
JwtUserDetailsService
jwtUserDetailsService;
@Autowired
public void configureGlobal(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.userDetailsService(
jwtUserDetailsService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
}
@Bean
public
JwtAuthenticationFilter
jwtAuthenticationFilter() {
return new
JwtAuthenticationFilter();
}
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
@Override
@Bean
public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {
return super.authenticationManagerBean();
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.csrf().disable()
.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/authenticate").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated().and()
.exceptionHandling().authenticationEntryPoint(
jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint).and()
.sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);
http.addFilterBefore(
jwtAuthenticationFilter(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
}
}
```
4. 创建用户详细信息服务类
创建一个
JwtUserDetailsService类，该类将用于从数据库或其他存储中获取用户信息以进行身份验证。以下是一个基本的
JwtUserDetailsService类：
```
java
@Service
public class
JwtUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService {
@Override
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
// 在这里获取用户信息并返回UserDetails对象
return null;
}
}
```
5. 创建身份验证过滤器
创建一个
JwtAuthenticationFilter类，该类将用于拦截所有请求，并进行
JWT身份验证。以下是一个基本的
JwtAuthenticationFilter类：
```
java
public class
JwtAuthenticationFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
@Autowired
private
JwtUserDetailsService
jwtUserDetailsService;
@Autowired
private
JwtTokenUtil
jwtTokenUtil;
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
final String request
TokenHeader = request.getHeader("Authorization");
String username = null;
String
jwtToken = null;
//
JWT Token is in the form "Bearer
token". Remove Bearer word and get only the
Token
if (request
TokenHeader != null && request
TokenHeader.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
jwtToken = request
TokenHeader.substring(7);
try {
username =
jwtTokenUtil.getUsernameFrom
Token(
jwtToken);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
System.out.println("Unable to get
JWT Token");
} catch (Expired
JwtException e) {
System.out.println("
JWT Token has expired");
}
} else {
logger.warn("
JWT Token does not begin with Bearer String");
}
// Once we get the
token validate it.
if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
UserDetails userDetails = this.
jwtUserDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
// if
token is valid configure Spring Security to manually set authentication
if (
jwtTokenUtil.validate
Token(
jwtToken)) {
UsernamePasswordAuthentication
Token usernamePasswordAuthentication
Token = new UsernamePasswordAuthentication
Token(
userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities());
usernamePasswordAuthentication
Token
.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));
// After setting the Authentication in the context, we specify
// that the current user is authenticated. So it passes the
// Spring Security Configurations successfully.
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(usernamePasswordAuthentication
Token);
}
}
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
```
6. 创建身份验证控制器
创建一个
JwtAuthenticationController类，该类将用于处理身份验证请求，生成
JWT令牌并返回给客户端。以下是一个基本的
JwtAuthenticationController类：
```
java
@RestController
public class
JwtAuthenticationController {
@Autowired
private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
@Autowired
private
JwtTokenUtil
jwtTokenUtil;
@Autowired
private
JwtUserDetailsService
jwtUserDetailsService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/authenticate", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public ResponseEntity<?> createAuthentication
Token(@RequestBody
JwtRequest authenticationRequest) throws Exception {
authenticate(authenticationRequest.getUsername(), authenticationRequest.getPassword());
final UserDetails userDetails =
jwtUserDetailsService
.loadUserByUsername(authenticationRequest.getUsername());
final String
token =
jwtTokenUtil.generate
Token(userDetails.getUsername());
return ResponseEntity.ok(new
JwtResponse(
token));
}
private void authenticate(String username, String password) throws Exception {
try {
authenticationManager.authenticate(new UsernamePasswordAuthentication
Token(username, password));
} catch (DisabledException e) {
throw new Exception("USER_DISABLED", e);
} catch (BadCredentialsException e) {
throw new Exception("INVALID_CREDENTIALS", e);
}
}
}
```
现在，您的Spring Boot应用程序已经集成了
JWT以进行身份验证。
JWT（Json Web Token）作为一种轻量级的身份认证和授权机制，广泛应用于分布式系统。本文介绍了JWT的基本组成（Header、Payload、Signature）、作用，以及如何使用auth0和hutool库进行JWT签名和认证的实践步骤。
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