awk练习题一

awk常见选项

-F "分隔符"指明输入时用到的字段分隔符,默认的分隔符是若干个连续空白符

-v var=value 变量赋值

动作print

格式:

print item1,item2,...

说明:

逗号分隔符

输出item可以字符串,也可是数值;当前记录的字段、变量或awk的表达式

如省略item,相当于print $0

固定字符需要用 ""引起来,而变量和数字不需要

1、取出用UUID挂载的挂载点和磁盘文件系统

[root@y_zilong ~]# cat /etc/fstab 
/dev/mapper/cl-root     /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=b3690942-53e2-45a6-a459-3e23ab4d45f3 /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/cl-swap     swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
[root@y_zilong ~]# grep "^UUID" /etc/fstab 
UUID=b3690942-53e2-45a6-a459-3e23ab4d45f3 /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2

[root@y_zilong ~]# grep "^UUID" /etc/fstab |awk '{print $2,$3}'
/boot ext4
[root@y_zilong ~]# 

2、取出网站访问量最大的前3个IP

[root@y_zilong ~]# cat /var/log/nginx/access.log 
10.0.0.1 - - [22/Apr/2021:04:44:02 -0400] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 4057 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.129 Safari/537.36" "-"
10.0.0.1 - - [22/Apr/2021:04:44:02 -0400] "GET /nginx-logo.png HTTP/1.1" 200 368 "http://10.0.0.133/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.129 Safari/537.36" "-"
10.0.0.1 - - [22/Apr/2021:04:44:02 -0400] "GET /poweredby.png HTTP/1.1" 200 4148 "http://10.0.0.133/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.129 Safari/537.36" "-"
10.0.0.1 - - [22/Apr/2021:04:44:02 -0400] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 3971 "http://10.0.0.133/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.129 Safari/537.36" "-"
10.0.0.1 - - [22/Apr/2021:04:44:13 -0400] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.129 Safari/537.36" "-"

[root@y_zilong ~]# awk '{print $1}' /var/log/nginx/access.log 
10.0.0.1
10.0.0.1
10.0.0.1
10.0.0.1
10.0.0.1
[root@y_zilong ~]# awk '{print $1}' /var/log/nginx/access.log |sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -3
      5 10.0.0.1
[root@y_zilong ~]# 

3、取nginx的访问日志的中IP和时间

[root@y_zilong ~]# awk -F'[[ ]' '{print $1,$5}' /var/log/nginx/access.log |head -3
10.0.0.1 22/Apr/2021:04:44:02
10.0.0.1 22/Apr/2021:04:44:02
10.0.0.1 22/Apr/2021:04:44:02
[root@y_zilong ~]# 

4、取出分区利用率

[root@y_zilong ~]# df
Filesystem          1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs               909016       0    909016   0% /dev
tmpfs                  924732       0    924732   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  924732    9888    914844   2% /run
tmpfs                  924732       0    924732   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-root  17811456 4158052  13653404  24% /
/dev/sda1              999320  135708    794800  15% /boot
tmpfs                  184944      28    184916   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                  184944    2344    182600   2% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0              6967726 6967726         0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS-8-BaseOS-x86_64

[root@y_zilong ~]# df |awk '{print $1,$5}'
Filesystem Use%
devtmpfs 0%
tmpfs 0%
tmpfs 2%
tmpfs 0%
/dev/mapper/cl-root 24%
/dev/sda1 15%
tmpfs 1%
tmpfs 2%
/dev/sr0 100%

[root@y_zilong ~]# df |awk -F"[[:space:]]+|%" '{print $1,$5}'
Filesystem Use
devtmpfs 0
tmpfs 0
tmpfs 2
tmpfs 0
/dev/mapper/cl-root 24
/dev/sda1 15
tmpfs 1
tmpfs 2
/dev/sr0 100

[root@y_zilong ~]# df |grep "^/dev/sd"|awk -F"[[:space:]]+|%" '{print $1,$5}'
/dev/sda1 15

[root@y_zilong ~]# df |awk -F"[[:space:]]+|%" '/^\/dev\/sd/{print $5}'
15

[root@y_zilong ~]# df |awk -F"[[:space:]]+|%" '/^\/dev\/sd/{print $1,$5}'
/dev/sda1 15

[root@y_zilong ~]# df |awk -F' +|%' '/^\/dev\/sd/{print $1,$5}'
/dev/sda1 15
[root@y_zilong ~]# 

5、取ifconfig输出结果中的IP地址

[root@y_zilong ~]# ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.0.133  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.0.255
        inet6 fe80::7109:ef7e:efd4:722e  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:4d:87:05  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 35500  bytes 31847150 (30.3 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 15654  bytes 1444967 (1.3 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@y_zilong ~]# ifconfig ens33|sed -n '2p'

        inet 10.0.0.133  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.0.255
        
[root@y_zilong ~]# ifconfig ens33|sed -n '2p'|awk '{print $2}'
10.0.0.133
[root@y_zilong ~]# 

[root@y_zilong ~]# ifconfig ens33|awk '/netmask/{print $2}'
10.0.0.133
[root@y_zilong ~]# 

6、文件list.txt如下格式,请提取例如 ".baidu.com"前面的主机名部分并写入到回到该文件中

[root@y_zilong ~]# cat list.txt 
1 www.baidu.com
2 www.qq.com
3 study.study.com
4 python.python.com
5 yzl.yzl.com

[root@y_zilong ~]# awk -F"[ .]" '{print $2}' list.txt 
www
www
study
python
yzl

[root@y_zilong ~]# awk -F"[ .]" '{print $2}' list.txt >> list.txt 

[root@y_zilong ~]# cat list.txt 
1 www.baidu.com
2 www.qq.com
3 study.study.com
4 python.python.com
5 yzl.yzl.com
www
www
study
python
yzl
[root@y_zilong ~]# 

 

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