原创整理不易,转载请注明出处:Spring MVC注解配置结合Hibernate的入门教程及其代码实例
代码下载地址:http://www.zuidaima.com/share/1787210045197312.htm
1、概述
本文旨在搭建Spring MVC+Hibernate开发框架,通过一个简单的demo讲解Spring MVC的相关配置文件,以及通过注解方式实现简单功能。
开发框架:Spring+Spring MVC+Hibernate(Spring所用的版本为3.0.5)。
数据库:MySQL(数据库名称test,demo工程所用的表名为user_info)。
2、开发框架搭建
2.1 创建工程
在Eclipse的Java EE版本或MyEclipse中创建一个Dynamic Web Project。并创建如下包:
(1)com.dao:系统的DAO;
(2)com.model:表的实体类(使用Hibernate),在该工程中不配置.hbm.xml映射文件,采取注解的方式;
(3)com.service:业务逻辑接口类和实现类;
(4)com.web:Spring MVC的Controllor类;
(5)com.config:Spring和Spring MVC的配置文件。
创建成功后包结构如下所示:
springmvctest
src
----com
----amigo
----dao
----model
----service
----web
----config
WebContent
----META-INF
----WEB-INF
----lib
----classes
2.2 引入相关包
需要将Spring、Spring MVC、Hibernate、MySQL驱动、log4j、c3p0数据源等的相关包引入。lib目录下的jar包如下:
antlr-2.7.6.jar
aopalliance.jar
asm-attrs.jar
asm.jar
c3p0-0.9.0.jar
cglib-2.1.3.jar
commons-beanutils-1.8.0.jar
commons-beanutils-bean-collections-1.8.0.jar
commons-betwixt-0.8.jar
commons-collections-2.1.1.jar
commons-digester-2.1.jar
commons-discovery-0.2.jar
commons-httpclient.jar
commons-logging.jar
dom4j-1.6.1.jar
ehcache-1.2.3.jar
ejb3-persistence.jar
hibernate-annotations.jar
hibernate-commons-annotations.jar
hibernate-entitymanager.jar
hibernate-validator.jar
hibernate3.jar
jaas.jar
javassist.jar
jaxen-1.1-beta-7.jar
jaxrpc.jar
jboss-archive-browsing.jar
jdbc2_0-stdext.jar
jta.jar
log4j-1.2.11.jar
mysql-connector-java-5.0.4-bin.jar
org.springframework.aop-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.asm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.aspects-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.beans-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.context-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.context.support-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.expression-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.instrument-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.instrument.tomcat-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.jdbc-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.jms-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.orm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.oxm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.test-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.transaction-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.web-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.web.servlet-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
saaj.jar
wsdl4j.jar
xerces-2.6.2.jar
xml-apis.jar
2.3 配置文件
2.3.1 配置web.xml
在web.xml中需要配置Spring的配置文件(applicationContext.xml)和Spring MVC配置文件(spring-mvc.xml),配置指定所有.do的请求都由Spring的DispatcherServlet类进行处理。
web.xml文件的参考配置如下:
<?xml version=" 1.0 " encoding=" UTF-8 " ?>
<web - app xmlns:xsi=" http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance " xmlns=" http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee " xmlns:web=" http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd " xsi:schemaLocation=" http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd " id=" WebApp_ID " version=" 2.5 ">
<display - name> springmvctest </display - name>
<welcome - file - list>
<welcome - file> index.html </welcome - file>
<welcome - file> index.htm </welcome - file>
<welcome - file> index.jsp </welcome - file>
</welcome - file - list>
<context - param>
<param - name> contextConfigLocation </param - name>
<param - value> classpath:config / applicationContext.xml </param - value>
</context - param>
<listener>
<listener - class> org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</listener - class>
</listener>
<servlet>
<servlet - name> spring - mvc </servlet - name>
<servlet - class> org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </servlet - class>
<init - param>
<param - name> contextConfigLocation </param - name>
<param - value> classpath:config / spring - mvc.xml </param - value>
</init - param>
<load - on - startup> </load - on - startup>
</servlet>
<servlet - mapping>
<servlet - name> spring - mvc </servlet - name>
<url - pattern>* . do </url - pattern>
</servlet - mapping>
<filter>
<filter - name> encodingFilter </filter - name>
<filter - class> org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter </filter - class>
<init - param>
<param - name> encoding </param - name>
<param - value> UTF - </param - value>
</init - param>
<init - param>
<param - name> forceEncoding </param - name>
<param - value> true </param - value>
</init - param>
</filter>
<filter - mapping>
<filter - name> encodingFilter </filter - name>
<url - pattern> /**/ /*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
2.3.2 配置 spring 的配置文件
Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml文件中主要配置对Hibernate的事务的管理,该配置文件的参考配置如下:
<?xml version=" 1.0 " encoding=" UTF-8 " ?>
<beans xmlns=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans "
xmlns:xsi=" http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance " xmlns:context=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/context "
xmlns:aop=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop "
xmlns:task=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/task "
xsi:schemaLocation="
http: // www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http: // www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http: // www.springframework.org/schema/context
http: // www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http: // www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http: // www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http: // www.springframework.org/schema/task
http: // www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd">
<context:annotation - config />
<!-- 扫描annotation类,过滤Service,Repository -->
<context:component - scan base - package=" com.zuidaima ">
<context:include - filter type=" annotation " expression=" org.springframework.stereotype.Service " />
<context:include - filter type=" annotation " expression=" org.springframework.stereotype.Repository " />
</context:component - scan>
<bean id=" dataSource " class=" com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource " destroy - method=" close ">
<property name=" driverClass ">
<value> com.mysql.jdbc.Driver </value>
</property>
<property name=" jdbcUrl ">
<value> jdbc:mysql: // localhost/test</value>
</property>
<property name=" user ">
<value> root </value>
</property>
<property name=" password ">
<value> 123456 </value>
</property>
<property name=" maxPoolSize ">
<value> </value>
</property>
<property name=" minPoolSize ">
<value> </value>
</property>
<property name=" initialPoolSize ">
<value> </value>
</property>
<property name=" maxIdleTime ">
<value> </value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id=" sessionFactory " class=" org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean ">
<property name=" dataSource " ref=" dataSource " />
<property name=" packagesToScan " value=" com.zuidaima.model* "></property>
<property name=" hibernateProperties ">
<props>
<prop key=" hibernate.dialect "> org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect </prop>
<prop key=" show_sql "> true </prop>
<prop key=" hibernate.jdbc.batch_size "> </prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 不破坏数据库,注册SessionFactory -->
<bean id=" transactionManager " class=" org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager ">
<property name=" sessionFactory " ref=" sessionFactory "></property>
</bean>
<bean id=" transactionInterceptor "
class=" org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor ">
<property name=" transactionManager " ref=" transactionManager "></property>
<property name=" transactionAttributes ">
<props>
<prop key=" save* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>
<prop key=" update* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>
<prop key=" delete* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>
<prop key=" find* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>
<prop key=" get* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>
<prop key=" execute* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>
<prop key=" load* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>
<prop key=" merge* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>
<prop key=" add* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean
class=" org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator ">
<property name=" beanNames ">
<list>
<value>* Service </value>
</list>
</property>
<property name= " interceptorNames ">
<list>
<value> transactionInterceptor </value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
2.3.3 配置 Spring MVC 配置文件
Spring MVC的配置文件spring-mvc.xml中主要是Controller的配置信息,该文件的参考配置如下:
<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"
default-lazy-init="true">
<context:annotation-config />
<!-- 使Spring支持自动检测组件,如注解的Controller -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zuidaima.web"/>
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
p:prefix="/WEB-INF"
p:suffix=".jsp" />
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping" />
<!-- 启动 Spring MVC 的注解功能,完成请求和注解 POJO 的映射 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
<property name="messageConverters">
<list>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
</bean>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
2.4 创建数据库和表
创建test数据库和user_info表的SQL语句如下(为了简便,user_info只有一个USER_NAME字段):
CREATE DATABASE test;
USER test;
CREATE TABLE user_info (
USER_NAME varchar ( 32 ) NOT NULL ,
PRIMARY KEY ( USER_NAME )
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET= utf8;
3、实例代码
3.1 DAO层
BaseHibernateDao类的代码如下所示:
package com.zuidaima.dao;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessResourceFailureException;
import org.springframework.dao.support.DaoSupport;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils;
public class BaseHibernateDao extends DaoSupport {
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;
public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
return sessionFactory;
}
@Resource(name="sessionFactory")
public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
this.sessionFactory=sessionFactory;
this.hibernateTemplate=createHibernateTemplate(sessionFactory);
}
public Session getSession() {
if (this.sessionFactory==null) {
throw new HibernateException("Session Create Fail,SessionFactory is null!");
}
return this.sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
}
protected HibernateTemplate createHibernateTemplate(
SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
return new HibernateTemplate(sessionFactory);
}
@Override
protected void checkDaoConfig() throws IllegalArgumentException {
if (this.hibernateTemplate==null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("'sessionFactory' or 'hibernateTemplate' is required");
}
}
protected final Session getSession(boolean allowCreate)
throws DataAccessResourceFailureException, IllegalStateException {
return (!allowCreate ? SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(
getSessionFactory(), false) : SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(
getSessionFactory(),
this.hibernateTemplate.getEntityInterceptor(), this.hibernateTemplate.getJdbcExceptionTranslator()));
}
protected final DataAccessException convertHibernateAccessException(
HibernateException ex) {
return this.hibernateTemplate.convertHibernateAccessException(ex);
}
protected final void releaseSession(Session session) {
SessionFactoryUtils.releaseSession(session, getSessionFactory());
if(null!=session)session=null;
}
public final void setHibernateTemplate(HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate) {
this.hibernateTemplate=hibernateTemplate;
}
public final HibernateTemplate getHibernateTemplate() {
return this.hibernateTemplate;
}
}
USER_INFO表的Dao类UserInfoDao类的代码如下所示:
package com.zuidaima.dao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class UserInfoDao extends BaseHibernateDao {
}
3.2 业务逻辑层
接口类IHelloService的代码如下:
package com.zuidaima.service;
public interface IHelloService {
public int addUser(String userName) throws Exception;;
}
实现类HelloService类的代码如下:
package com.zuidaima.service;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.zuidaima.dao.UserInfoDao;
import com.zuidaima.model.UserInfo;
@Service( " helloService " )
@Repository
public class HelloService implements IHelloService ;
}
}
3.3 控制层
控制类HelloControllor类接收userName参数,并调用相应的Service类将用户名保存到USER_INFO表中,该类的代码如下:
package com.zuidaima.web;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import com.zuidaima.service.IHelloService;
@Controller
@RequestMapping( " /test " )
public class HelloControllor {
private static final Log log=LogFactory.getLog(HelloControllor.class);
private IHelloService helloService;
public IHelloService getHelloService() {
return helloService;
}
@Resource
public void setHelloService(IHelloService helloService) {
this.helloService=helloService;
}
@RequestMapping("/hello.do")
public @ResponseBody
String sayHello(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
String userName=request.getParameter("userName");
log.info("userName="+ userName);
int resultCode=helloService.addUser(userName);
String rspInfo="你好!" + userName + ",操作结果码="+ resultCode;
response.setHeader("Content-type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
response.getOutputStream().write(rspInfo.getBytes("UTF-8"));
return "";
}
}
@Controller注解标识一个控制器,@RequestMapping注解标记一个访问的路径;如果@RequestMapping注解在类级别上,则表示一相对路径,在方法级别上,则标记访问路径;
4、测试
测试时可以通过访问http://localhost:8080/springmvctest/test/hello.do?userName=amigo777,通过userName参数将用户名添加到USER_INFO表中。
从实例代码可以看出,POJO、DAO层、Service层和Controller层都是采用注解的方式将service、dao注入的,减少了配置量,方便了开发工作。