HttpClient使用方法/get/post

今天项目中有一个需要发短信的接口，给的是一个链接，直接请求就完事了，post请求，刚好项目里面又有 HttpClient包，就使用HttpClient 完成了。现在来说下，免得自己又忘记了。

一、使用方法

使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单，一般需要如下几步即可。

1. 创建HttpClient对象。

2. 创建请求方法的实例，并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求，创建HttpGet对象；如果需要发送POST请求，创建HttpPost对象。

3. 如果需要发送请求参数，可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数；对于HttpPost对象而言，也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。

4. 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求，该方法返回一个HttpResponse。

5. 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头；调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象，该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。

6. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接

二、代码示范

get方法：

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.net.URI;

public class HttpClientUtil {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String url = "http://127.0.0.1:1209/hello/get";

        // 创建 httpClient 对象
        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        // 创建 url
        URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
        builder.addParameter("username","xxx");
        URI uri = builder.build();

        // 创建 httpGet 请求
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);

        // 执行请求
        HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

        System.out.println( response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() );
        // 处理返回数据
        if( response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200 ){
            String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
            System.out.println( result );
        }
        // 关闭链接
        ((CloseableHttpClient) httpClient).close();
    }
}

post 方法：使用 URIBuilder

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.net.URI;

public class HttpClientUtil {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String url = "http://127.0.0.1:1209/hello/get";

        // 创建 httpClient 对象
        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        // 创建 url
        URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
        builder.addParameter("username","xxx");
        URI uri = builder.build();

        // 创建 httpPost 请求
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(uri);

        // 执行请求
        HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

        System.out.println( response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() );
        // 处理返回数据
        if( response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200 ){
            String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
            System.out.println( result );
        }
        // 关闭链接
        ((CloseableHttpClient) httpClient).close();
    }
}

post 方法：使用  List<NameValuePair> 方式

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.net.URI;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class HttpClientUtil {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String url = "http://127.0.0.1:1209/hello/get";

        // 创建 httpClient 对象
        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        // set参数
        List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<>();
        nameValuePairs.add( new BasicNameValuePair("username","zhangzq"));
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost( url );
        httpPost.setEntity( new UrlEncodedFormEntity( nameValuePairs , "UTF-8" ) );

        // 执行请求
        HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

        System.out.println( response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() );
        // 处理返回数据
        if( response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200 ){
            String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
            System.out.println( result );
        }
        // 关闭链接
        ((CloseableHttpClient) httpClient).close();
    }
}