Android--自定义控件的xml属性



1. 定义一些自定义属性

    建立一个属性xml文件: values/attrs.xml, 内容如下:

   

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>

    <!-- 图片和文字之间的位置关系  使用enum声明的属性-->
    <attr name="relation">
        <enum name="icon_left" value="0" />
        <enum name="icon_right" value="1" />
        <enum name="icon_above" value="2" />
        <enum name="icon_below" value="3" />
    </attr>

    <declare-styleable name="IconText">
        <attr name="relation" />
        <attr name="icon" format="reference" />
        <attr name="text" format="string" />
        <attr name="text_size" format="dimension" />
        <attr name="text_color" format="integer" />
        <attr name="space" format="dimension" />
    </declare-styleable>

</resources>
<!--
属性relation有4种可选值:icon_left, icon_right, icon_above,icon_below.

属性icon的可选值为引用: 例如:"@/drawbable/icon".

属性text的可选值为string, 例如: "Hello world", 也可是string的引用"@string/hello".

属性text_size的可选值为尺寸大小,例如:20sp、18dip、20px等.

属性text_color的可选值为整数,例如:"0xfffffff", 也可以是color的引用"@color/white".

 -->


该文件是定义属性名和格式的地方,需要用<declare-styleable name="IconText"></declare-styleable>包围所有属性。

其中name为该属性集的名字,主要用途是标识该属性集。

在控件的构造方法中获取自定义属性集合的时候,会使用该name。

如:TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
                R.styleable.IconText);

如果某个属性可同时传两种不同的属性,则可以用“|”分割开即可。


2. 定义一个能够处理这些属性值的view或者layout类

package com.test_customattributeset;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class IconTextView extends LinearLayout {

	private final static String TAG = IconTextView.class.getSimpleName();
	private final int ICON_LEFT = 0;
	private final int ICON_RIGHT = 1;
	private final int ICON_ABOVE = 2;
	private final int ICON_BELOW = 3;

	private TextView mTextView;
	private ImageView mImageView;

	private int mRelation = ICON_LEFT;
	private String mText = "";
	private int mIconId;
	private float mTextSize;
	private int mSpace;

	public IconTextView(Context context) {
		super(context);
	}

	public IconTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
		super(context, attrs);
		TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
				R.styleable.IconText);

		mRelation = a.getInt(R.styleable.IconText_relation, ICON_LEFT);

		Log.d(TAG, "mRelation: " + mRelation);

		mText = a.getString(R.styleable.IconText_text);

		Log.d(TAG, "mText: " + mText);

		mTextSize = a.getDimensionPixelSize(R.styleable.IconText_text_size, 12);

		Log.d(TAG, "mTextSize: " + mTextSize);

		mSpace = a.getDimensionPixelSize(R.styleable.IconText_space, 5);

		Log.d(TAG, "mSpace: " + mSpace);

		mIconId = a.getResourceId(R.styleable.IconText_icon,
				R.drawable.ic_launcher);

		Log.d(TAG, "mIconId: " + mIconId);

		a.recycle();
		mTextView = new TextView(context);
		mTextView.setText(mText);
		mTextView.setTextSize(mTextSize);

		mImageView = new ImageView(context);
		mImageView.setImageResource(mIconId);

		int left = 0;

		int top = 0;

		int right = 0;

		int bottom = 0;

		int orientation = HORIZONTAL;

		int textViewIndex = 0;

		switch (mRelation) {

		case ICON_ABOVE:

			orientation = VERTICAL;

			bottom = mSpace;

			textViewIndex = 1;

			break;

		case ICON_BELOW:

			orientation = VERTICAL;

			top = mSpace;

			break;

		case ICON_LEFT:

			right = mSpace;

			textViewIndex = 1;

			break;

		case ICON_RIGHT:
			left = mSpace;
			break;

		default:
			break;
		}

		this.setOrientation(orientation);
		this.addView(mImageView);
		mImageView.setPadding(left, top, right, bottom);
		this.addView(mTextView, textViewIndex);
	}

}

通过obtainStyledAttributes方法获得对属性集的引用,用“a”的各种方法来获取相应的属性值。这里需要注意的是,如果使用的方法和获取值的类型不对的话,则会返回默认值。

因此,如果一个属性是带两//个及以上不用类型的属性,需要做多次判断,直到读取完毕后才能判断应该赋予何值。当然,在取完值的时候别忘了回收资源。

类IconTextView中只有两个元素,ImageView 和mTextView,通过从xml配置文件中读取属性值来决定icon和text的内容、相对位置及其它属性。


3. 在layout布局文件中使用这个自定布局及其属性

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    xmlns:icontext="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.test_customattributeset"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context=".MainActivity" >

    <com.test_customattributeset.IconTextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        icontext:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        icontext:relation="icon_left"
        icontext:text="hi,how are you!"
        icontext:text_size="12sp" />

</RelativeLayout>


注意点:我们需要在这个布局文件中加入了一个新的命名空间:

xmlns:icontext=http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.test_customattributeset

其中“http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/”是固定的,“com.test_customattributeset”是我们工程的包名。

"icontext"可以换成其他的任何名字.

使用如下方式使用自定义的属性:

        icontext:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        icontext:relation="icon_left"
        icontext:text="hi,how are you!"
        icontext:text_size="12sp" />


4. 在Activity中使用该布局

package com.test_customattributeset;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.view.Menu;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
	}

	@Override
	public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
		// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
		getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
		return true;
	}

}


运行效果如下图:



附:Android自定义属性的格式详解
1. reference:参考某一资源ID。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
             <ImageView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"
                     />
2. color:颜色值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <TextView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:textColor = "#00FF00"
                     />
3. boolean:布尔值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <Button
                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"
                    android:focusable = "true"
                    />
4. dimension:尺寸值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <Button
                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"
                    />
5. float:浮点值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">
                   <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <alpha
                   android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
                   android:toAlpha = "0.7"
                   />
6. integer:整型值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">
                   <attr name = "visible" />
                   <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "pivotX" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" />
                   <attr name = "drawable" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <animated-rotate
                   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android
                   android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID" 
                   android:pivotX = "50%" 
                   android:pivotY = "50%" 
                   android:framesCount = "12" 
                   android:frameDuration = "100"
                   />
7. string:字符串。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "MapView">
                   <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <com.google.android.maps.MapView
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"
                    />
8. fraction:百分数。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
                   <attr name = "visible" />
                   <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "drawable" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <rotate  xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
               android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"
                 android:fromDegrees = "0"
               android:toDegrees = "360"
                 android:pivotX = "200%"
                 android:pivotY = "300%"
               android:duration = "5000"
                 android:repeatMode = "restart"
                 android:repeatCount = "infinite"
                   />
9. enum:枚举值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name="名称">
                   <attr name="orientation">
                          <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
                          <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
                   </attr>           
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <LinearLayout
                    xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                    android:orientation = "vertical"
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    >
            </LinearLayout>
10. flag:位或运算。
     (1)属性定义:
             <declare-styleable name="名称">
                    <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
                            <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
                            <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
                            <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
                            <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
                            <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
                            <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
                            <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
                            <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
                     </attr>        
             </declare-styleable>
     (2)属性使用:
            <activity
                   android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
                   android:label = "@string/app_name"
                   android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">
                   <intent-filter>
                          <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                          <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                   </intent-filter>

             </activity>
     注意:
     属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
             <ImageView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"
                     />




   







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