1. 定义一些自定义属性
建立一个属性xml文件: values/attrs.xml, 内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<!-- 图片和文字之间的位置关系 使用enum声明的属性-->
<attr name="relation">
<enum name="icon_left" value="0" />
<enum name="icon_right" value="1" />
<enum name="icon_above" value="2" />
<enum name="icon_below" value="3" />
</attr>
<declare-styleable name="IconText">
<attr name="relation" />
<attr name="icon" format="reference" />
<attr name="text" format="string" />
<attr name="text_size" format="dimension" />
<attr name="text_color" format="integer" />
<attr name="space" format="dimension" />
</declare-styleable>
</resources>
<!--
属性relation有4种可选值:icon_left, icon_right, icon_above,icon_below.
属性icon的可选值为引用: 例如:"@/drawbable/icon".
属性text的可选值为string, 例如: "Hello world", 也可是string的引用"@string/hello".
属性text_size的可选值为尺寸大小,例如:20sp、18dip、20px等.
属性text_color的可选值为整数,例如:"0xfffffff", 也可以是color的引用"@color/white".
-->
该文件是定义属性名和格式的地方,需要用<declare-styleable name="IconText"></declare-styleable>包围所有属性。
其中name为该属性集的名字,主要用途是标识该属性集。
在控件的构造方法中获取自定义属性集合的时候,会使用该name。
如:TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
R.styleable.IconText);
如果某个属性可同时传两种不同的属性,则可以用“|”分割开即可。
2. 定义一个能够处理这些属性值的view或者layout类
package com.test_customattributeset;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class IconTextView extends LinearLayout {
private final static String TAG = IconTextView.class.getSimpleName();
private final int ICON_LEFT = 0;
private final int ICON_RIGHT = 1;
private final int ICON_ABOVE = 2;
private final int ICON_BELOW = 3;
private TextView mTextView;
private ImageView mImageView;
private int mRelation = ICON_LEFT;
private String mText = "";
private int mIconId;
private float mTextSize;
private int mSpace;
public IconTextView(Context context) {
super(context);
}
public IconTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
R.styleable.IconText);
mRelation = a.getInt(R.styleable.IconText_relation, ICON_LEFT);
Log.d(TAG, "mRelation: " + mRelation);
mText = a.getString(R.styleable.IconText_text);
Log.d(TAG, "mText: " + mText);
mTextSize = a.getDimensionPixelSize(R.styleable.IconText_text_size, 12);
Log.d(TAG, "mTextSize: " + mTextSize);
mSpace = a.getDimensionPixelSize(R.styleable.IconText_space, 5);
Log.d(TAG, "mSpace: " + mSpace);
mIconId = a.getResourceId(R.styleable.IconText_icon,
R.drawable.ic_launcher);
Log.d(TAG, "mIconId: " + mIconId);
a.recycle();
mTextView = new TextView(context);
mTextView.setText(mText);
mTextView.setTextSize(mTextSize);
mImageView = new ImageView(context);
mImageView.setImageResource(mIconId);
int left = 0;
int top = 0;
int right = 0;
int bottom = 0;
int orientation = HORIZONTAL;
int textViewIndex = 0;
switch (mRelation) {
case ICON_ABOVE:
orientation = VERTICAL;
bottom = mSpace;
textViewIndex = 1;
break;
case ICON_BELOW:
orientation = VERTICAL;
top = mSpace;
break;
case ICON_LEFT:
right = mSpace;
textViewIndex = 1;
break;
case ICON_RIGHT:
left = mSpace;
break;
default:
break;
}
this.setOrientation(orientation);
this.addView(mImageView);
mImageView.setPadding(left, top, right, bottom);
this.addView(mTextView, textViewIndex);
}
}
通过obtainStyledAttributes方法获得对属性集的引用,用“a”的各种方法来获取相应的属性值。这里需要注意的是,如果使用的方法和获取值的类型不对的话,则会返回默认值。
因此,如果一个属性是带两//个及以上不用类型的属性,需要做多次判断,直到读取完毕后才能判断应该赋予何值。当然,在取完值的时候别忘了回收资源。
类IconTextView中只有两个元素,ImageView 和mTextView,通过从xml配置文件中读取属性值来决定icon和text的内容、相对位置及其它属性。
3. 在layout布局文件中使用这个自定布局及其属性
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
xmlns:icontext="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.test_customattributeset"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context=".MainActivity" >
<com.test_customattributeset.IconTextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
icontext:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
icontext:relation="icon_left"
icontext:text="hi,how are you!"
icontext:text_size="12sp" />
</RelativeLayout>
注意点:我们需要在这个布局文件中加入了一个新的命名空间:
xmlns:icontext=http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.test_customattributeset
其中“http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/”是固定的,“com.test_customattributeset”是我们工程的包名。
"icontext"可以换成其他的任何名字.
使用如下方式使用自定义的属性:
icontext:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
icontext:relation="icon_left"
icontext:text="hi,how are you!"
icontext:text_size="12sp" />
4. 在Activity中使用该布局
package com.test_customattributeset;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.view.Menu;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
return true;
}
}
运行效果如下图:
附:Android中自定义属性的格式详解
1. reference:参考某一资源ID。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "background" format = "reference" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<ImageView
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"
/>
2. color:颜色值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<TextView
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:textColor = "#00FF00"
/>
3. boolean:布尔值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<Button
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:focusable = "true"
/>
4. dimension:尺寸值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<Button
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
/>
5. float:浮点值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">
<attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
<attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<alpha
android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
android:toAlpha = "0.7"
/>
6. integer:整型值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">
<attr name = "visible" />
<attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
<attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
<attr name = "pivotX" />
<attr name = "pivotY" />
<attr name = "drawable" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<animated-rotate
xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID"
android:pivotX = "50%"
android:pivotY = "50%"
android:framesCount = "12"
android:frameDuration = "100"
/>
7. string:字符串。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "MapView">
<attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<com.google.android.maps.MapView
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"
/>
8. fraction:百分数。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
<attr name = "visible" />
<attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
<attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
<attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
<attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
<attr name = "drawable" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<rotate xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"
android:fromDegrees = "0"
android:toDegrees = "360"
android:pivotX = "200%"
android:pivotY = "300%"
android:duration = "5000"
android:repeatMode = "restart"
android:repeatCount = "infinite"
/>
9. enum:枚举值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name="名称">
<attr name="orientation">
<enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
<enum name="vertical" value="1" />
</attr>
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation = "vertical"
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
>
</LinearLayout>
10. flag:位或运算。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name="名称">
<attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
<flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
<flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
<flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
<flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
<flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
<flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
<flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
<flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
<flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
<flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
</attr>
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<activity
android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
android:label = "@string/app_name"
android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
注意:
属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<ImageView
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"
/>